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Background: Bacterial vaginosis is a condition characterized by alteration in the vaginal flora. It is a common occurrence during pregnancy and is one of the established risk factors for preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes and chorioamnionitis. The objective of the study was to study the prevalence and effects of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy.Methods: : The study was a hospital based prospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, RIMS, Imphal from January to December, 2021. 250 women between 20-28 weeks of gestation underwent examination and testing for bacterial vaginosis and were followed up till delivery. Pregnancy outcomes like pre-term labour, premature rupture of membrane; fetal outcomes like birth-weight, APGAR score, NICU admission, or any other complications were noted.Results: Out of the 250 singleton pregnancies, 48 women (19.2%) were found to have bacterial vaginosis. Pregnancies associated with bacterial vaginosis had more chances of premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight babies. But, there was no significant association of the same to preterm labor and to the rate of NICU admission of the newborns.Conclusions: Vaginal infection during pregnancy should also be entertained seriously and treated well since bacterial vaginosis may directly or indirectly be related to preterm delivery and low birth weight babies.
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Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of endocrine dysfunction in women of reproductive age. Dyslipidaemia plays an important role in the development of PCOS. Lipid abnormalities which include elevated low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein levels are often found in women with PCOS and thus they are associated with long-term risk of coronary heart disease. The study aims to estimate lipid profile levels in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) taken as cases and normal healthy subjects taken as controls.Methods: This is a case control study conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RIMS, Imphal. Fasting blood samples were collected from cases and controls and lipid parameters were estimated. Forty-five cases of PCOS patients in the age group of 18-44 years diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria and forty-five age-matched healthy women with regular menstrual cycle taken as controls were recruited.Results: The mean盨D of age in cases was 26.38�85 years and control was 28.23�99 years. However, the difference was found to be statistically insignificant. The majority of cases were from urban areas which comprised of 62% and only 55.6% were from rural areas. The mean盨D for cholesterol, TG, LDL were 203.40�.20 mg/dl, 163.26�.49 mg/dl, 132.82�.39 mg/dl respectively and was higher in cases compared to controls and the difference was statistically significant. However, the mean盨D of HDL in cases 24.81�31mg/dl was lower as compared to controls and the difference was statistically significant with p<0.05.Conclusions: PCOS is found to be associated with atherogenic lipid profile. Thus, it may be suggested that dietary control and improvement of living style to control dyslipidaemia should be taken up early in PCOS to prevent development of cardiovascular disease.
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Background: AUB is a common and debilitating condition and it is one of the main gynaecological reasons for hysterectomy. Ultrasonography can be as good as histopathology (HPE) in the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding. Hence, our study was conducted to validate the ultrasonographic findings with HPE findings in diagnosis of AUB.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 86 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in collaboration with department of Pathology, RIMS, Imphal from September 2017 to March 2019. The clinical history and socio demographic profile were collected using a pre-designed proforma. General physical examination, pelvic examination and ultrasonagraphy was carried out and the hysterectomy specimens were subjected to histopathological examination.Results: Fibromyoma was diagnosed by ultrasound in 62.8% of the patients and it was the common diagnosis in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa statistics of USG for diagnosing leiomyoma was 92.9%, 93.3%, 96.3%, 87.5% and 84.9% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa statistics of USG for diagnosing adenomyosis was 53.8%, 98.6%, 87.5%, 92.3% and 62.3% respectively.Conclusions: The study provides an evidence that ultrasonography has good diagnostic accuracy as histopathology in the diagnosis of fibroid in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. However, as with all the diagnostic procedures, the utility of ultrasound in the diagnosis of adenomyosis is questionable, since it has a low sensitivity amidst good specificity.