Morphometric Analysis of Human Fetus and Fetal Pancreas in Different Gestational Age Groups

Introduction: Fetal biometric parameters are very often utilized for calculating gestational age. The pancreas is a gland with dual functions in our body – exocrine and endocrine, with the latter component being very often discussed in the context of diabetes mellitus. Through evaluation of variations in morphometry in relation to different gestational ages, the research intends to draw attention to various associated developmental correlations that were not mentioned in previous studies. MaterialsandMethods: The current research was carried out on 30 fetuses after obtaining due approval from Institute’s Ethical Committee. Fetuses were divided into different gestational age groups and morphometric parameters such as crown‑rump length, crown heel length, head circumference, abdomen circumference, chest circumference, hand length, and Foot Length (FL) were noted by measuring with nylon thread in centimetres. Fetal pancreases were removed after stepwise dissection and pancreatic weight along with length and thickness was measured by Vernier calipers. All the parameters were then compared within different gestational age groups. Results: All the parameters and the age group of fetuses were positively correlated and showed statistical significance.Conclusion: The study would add substantial knowledge in the areas of pancreatic regeneration, surgical pancreatectomy, and treatment protocols for diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer. Through evaluation of variations in morphometry in relation to different gestational ages, the research intends to draw attention to various associated developmental correlations

Epistaxis: the cause found beyond the nose

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant disease that is often diagnosed at a metastatic stage. The head and neck represent up to 3% of the metastatic RCC, and the paranasal sinus area is one of the least involved sites. Here, we introduce the case of a 74-year-old female patient who presented with a history of traumatic nasal bleed. A cranial computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a fronto-ethmoidal mass with pachymeningeal involvement. A nasal biopsy from the paranasal sinuses was taken. On histopathological examination, metastatic clear cell carcinoma was the main hypothesis, which later was confirmed to be RCC on immunohistochemistry. On further radiological examination, an exophytic mass was depicted in the kidney's upper and middle pole. The patient had no renal complaints and was asymptomatic. Fronto-ethmoidal sinus is a rare site for metastatic RCC, especially in cases where the patient is asymptomatic. Early detection by keeping RCC metastasis as the differential diagnosis in such cases can lead to early treatment and improve the overall survival of the patient.

Evaluation of quality of life and the nutritional status of oral cancer treated patients as compared with the control group in Varanasi district: a cross sectional study

Background: The modern day oral oncotherapy is now concerned on the oral quality of life after treatment of the patient. There is need to evaluate final outcome following the different combination of treatment modalities available to make better therapeutic treatment decisions. Oral health-related quality of life (QHRQOL) and their nutritional status is gaining importance as a valuable outcome measure in oral cancer area and compare with the other control group. The aim of the study was to examine the nutritional status among the oral cancer patients and compare the QHRQoL of two groups (i.e., oral cancer group and control group) in Varanasi district.Methods: The prospective study was conducted from January 2018 to August 2018. 124 oral cancer patients and 124 control people from the Varanasi district participated in this study. Nutritional status of oral cancer treated patients was assessed. QHRQoL of the oral cancer patients were compared with the control group.Results: Among the 124 oral cancer patient, 67.74% were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Patients had worse QHRQoL among oral cancer group. There were highly statistically significant differences found in the oral health impact profile and oral impacts on daily performances on comparing the oral cancer patients with the control group.Conclusions: This study indicated that oral cancer patients with malnutrition or risk of malnutrition have significantly worse OHRQoL than with the control population group.

Lichenoid pseudovesicular papular eruption on nose: A papular facial dermatosis probably related to actinic lichen nitidus or micropapular polymorphous light eruption

Background: Facial papules are a feature of several clinical conditions and may present both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Aim: To describe a grouped papular eruption on the nose and adjoining cheeks that has not been well characterized previously. Materials and Methods: A series of consecutive patients with a papular eruption predominantly involving nose and cheeks were evaluated, treated and followed up prospectively at tertiary care centers. Demographic details, clinical features, histopathology and response to treatment were recorded. Results: There were five men and six women (mean age 29.9 ± 6.9 years) who had disease for a mean duration of 17.3 ± 11.1 months. All patients presented with a predominantly asymptomatic eruption of monomorphic, pseudovesicular, grouped, skin colored to slightly erythematous papules prominently involving the tip of nose, nasal alae, philtrum and the adjoining cheeks. A total of 15 biopsies from 11 patients were analyzed and the predominant finding was a dense, focal lymphoid infiltrate restricted to the upper dermis with basal cell damage and atrophy of the overlying epidermis. The eruption ran a chronic course from several months to years. Limitations: Direct immunofluorescence could not be performed except in one case. Immunohistochemical stains for CD4 and CD8 could not be done owing to nonavailability. Phototesting was undertaken in one patient only. Conclusion: Small grouped papules on the nose and adjoining skin with a lichenoid histopathology appear to represent a distinct clinicopathological entity. It may be related to actinic lichen nitidus/micropapular variant of polymorphous light eruption.

Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in Patients of Gall Bladder Stones: A Prospective Study

Background: Gall bladder stones are one of the commonest abdominal disorder requiring hospitalization and surgery in India. In Europian countries more than 10% prevalence of gall bladder stone has been recorded. Different studies suggested that sluggish movement of bile during hypothyroidism may induce formation of stone in gall bladder. Moreover, use of thyroxine for dissolving gall bladder stone has been suggested in studies. However, relation of thyroid hormones and gall bladder stone is still unclear. Therefore, present study was designed to assess if there is any relation between thyroid hormones disorders and gall bladder stones. Methods: It was cross sectional type of study which was conducted in departments of general surgery of TMMC & RC, Moradabad. This study was carried out from April 2017 to December 2017. Study population included 100 patients of cholelithiasis undergoing for cholecystectomy. Surgical profile along with full history including name, age, sex etc was recorded in the study. Similarly, full history of control group subjects was taken. Thyroid hormones in serum total tri iodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (FT4), and TSH were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: Gall bladder stone were more common in female patients (60) in comparison of male patients (40). Hypothyroid disorder was found in 20% male gall bladder patients. Whereas, 7.5% hyperthyroid disease in male cholelethiais patients. Euthyroid status was observed in 72.5% male gall bladder patients. Hypothyroid disorder was found in 14% female gall bladder patients. Whereas, 7% hyperthyroid disease in female cholelethiais patients. Euthyroid status was observed in 65% female gall bladder patients. Conclusion: Findings of the current study suggest that female population suffers more in comparison of male population. Further, prevalence of gall bladder stones were more in 51 to 60 years age group population. Further, no definite relation was observed between thyroid hormones disorders either hypothyroid or hyperthyroid and gall bladder stones. However, more studies of on larger populations are required to assess if there is any relation between thyroid disorders and gall bladder stones

Angiomyomatous hamartoma of lymph nodes: Clinicopathological study of 6 cases with review of literature.

Angiomyomatous hamartoma (AMH) is a rare disease with predisposition for inguinal and femoral lymph nodes. Histologically, it is characterized by replacement of lymph nodal parenchyma with irregularly distributed thick walled blood vessels, haphazardly arranged smooth muscle cells, variable amount of fat and fibrous tissue in a sclerotic lymphatic stroma. Few cases have also been reported in popliteal and sub ‑ mandibular location. The exact pathogenesis is still not known. Although this entity is very rare, its recognition is important in discriminating it from other benign and malignant vascular lesions of lymph nodes.

Physical mapping, expression analysis and polymorphism survey of resistance gene analogues on chromosome 11 of rice.

Rice is the fi rst cereal genome with a fi nished sequence and a model crop that has important syntenic relationships with other cereal species. The objectives of our study were to identify resistance gene analogue (RGA) sequences from chromosome 11 of rice, understand their expression in other cereals and dicots by in silico analysis, determine their presence on other rice chromosomes, and evaluate the extent of polymorphism and actual expression in a set of rice genotypes. A total of 195 RGAs were predicted and physically localised. Of these, 91.79% expressed in rice, and 51.28% expressed in wheat, which was the highest among other cereals. Among monocots, sugarcane showed the highest (78.92%) expression, while among dicots, RGAs were maximally expressed in Arabidopsis (11.79%). Interestingly, two of the chromosome 11-specifi c RGAs were found to be expressing in all the organisms studied. Eighty RGAs of chromosome 11 had signifi cant homology with chromosome 12, which was the maximum among all the rice chromosomes. Thirty-one per cent of the RGAs used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifi cation showed polymorphism in a set of rice genotypes. Actual gene expression analysis revealed post-inoculation induction of one RGA in the rice line IRBB-4 carrying the bacterial blight resistance gene Xa-4. Our results have implications for the development of sequence-based markers and functional validation of specifi c RGAs in rice.