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Aim: In the present study, surface doses within the target area and contralateral breast (CLB) received during conventional treatment of carcinoma breast are evaluate and compared for treatment on two different beam energies, i.e., Co-60 γ-ray and 6 MV X-ray beams with thermoluminescent dosimeter, LiF:Mg, Ti (TLD-100). Materials and Methods: The study includes a group of 23 patients comprising 11 patients treated with Co-60 γ-ray beam and 12 patients by 6 MV X-ray beam. Results and Discussion: The treatment using Co-60 γ-ray and 6 MV X-ray beams contributes an average percentage dose of 8.15% ± 0.56% and 4.73% ± 0.94%, respectively, to CLB in mastectomy patients. The contribution of tangential fields (mastectomy) to the CLB doses ranges between 12.71 and 16.40 cGy (5.45%–7.03%) for treatment with Co-60 γ-ray beam and 6.33–10.95 cGy (1.86–4.69%) for treatment with 6 MV X-ray beam. The supraclavicular field (SCF) contributes 1.45%–1.93% and 1.02%–1.43% for treatment with Co-60 γ-ray and 6 MV X-ray beams, respectively. The average surface dose (normalized with breast dose) 89.1% ± 8.5% for Co-60 beam in the SCF region differs significantly from the 60.2% ± 13.0% value for 6 MV X-ray beam. Conclusion: The CLB doses for mastectomy patients are higher for Co-60 beam as compared to 6 MV X-ray beam, and better dose homogeneity is achieved within the irradiated breast from 6 MV X-ray beam. The CLB doses are slightly higher for patients treated with breast conservative radiotherapy or lumpectomy. The average surface dose to SCF decreases by ~30% of treated breast dose for treatment with 6 MV X-ray beam
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Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the positional accuracy of varian's exact-arm (E-arm) and retractable-arm (R-arm) supporting electronic portal imaging device (EPID) systems (amorphous silicon flat-panel detector) using the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) graticule phantom. Materials and Methods: The known shifts of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm were introduced to the given phantom in longitudinal, lateral, and vertical directions, respectively, with respect to treatment couch of medical linear accelerator. The experiment was repeated for different gantry angle and varying source to imager distances (SIDs). The images were acquired for each shift at varying SIDs and beam orientations for both EPID supporting systems. The corresponding shifts obtained from treatment planning system (TPS) were recorded and compared. Results: The known (expected) and observed (recorded from TPS) shifts obtained for different beam angles (namely, 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° for anterior, left lateral, posterior, and right-lateral portal images, respectively) in the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical direction at varying SID were compared. The maximum shift in the observed value from the expected one was 3 and 2 mm, respectively, out of the all beam configuration for R-arm and E-arm. These shifts were randomly observed for all imager position and beam orientation. Conclusion: The IMRT graticule phantom is an effective tool to check the mechanical characteristic and consistency of different EPID supporting arms. The effect of EPID sag due to gravity (gantry and treatment couch) was not significant for detection of shift in patient's position. The E-arm support EPID has better mechanical stability and accuracy in detection of patient's position than that of R-arm
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We report a 24-year-old woman with corrosive poisoning who was subjected to pertechnetate scintigraphy to evaluate gastric injury. Fusion imaging (SPECT-CT) provided valuable information regarding viability of gastric mucosa, and it helped guide appropriate management.