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Background: A successful root canal (RC) treatment depends upon creation of a fluid impervious seal that is commonly built by using a RC sealer along with gutta?percha. The bond strength of the RC sealer is a hallmark as it will minimize the risk of treatment failure by reducing the possibility of filling detachment from dentin. Aim: To evaluate and compare the push?out bond strength of AH?Plus and MTA?Fillapex with Gutta?Percha and Epiphany Self Etch/Resilon system using the Universal Testing Machine. Materials and Method: About 60 mandibular premolars with single canals were prepared apically with Hyflex CM files upto size #30. Out of total, 20 teeth were obturated with AH?Plus/GP (group 1), 20 with MTA?Fillapex/GP (group 2), and other 20 with Epiphany Self Etch/Resilon system (group 3). Teeth were sectioned into three slices of 2 mm each and were subjected to Universal Testing Machine. Statistical Analysis: The data obtained were tabulated and statistically evaluated using SPSS version 21.0 statistical analysis software (IBM, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: The mean push?out bond strength was highest for AH–Plus (14.32 MPa) followed by MTA?Fillapex (12.18 MPa) and then Epiphany SE (8.44 MPa). The results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Significantly, higher push out bond strength was displayed by AH?Plus sealer than MTA?Fillapex and least being Epiphany SE sealer. The push out bond strength was significantly highest at apical third and lowest at coronal third
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Background: In developing world, the number of women undergoing miscarriage has increased. Womenfacing miscarriage are susceptible to develop depression and the risk is more if the perceived social supportis low or not adequate. This study was conducted to assess the presence of depressive features and perceivedsocial support and to correlate between the two entities in patients with miscarriage.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, single interview study conducted in 100 consecutive patients withmiscarriage in current pregnancy admitted in obstetrics and gynecology ward of a tertiary care center. Afterethics committee approval and written informed consent, each patient was individually interviewed using asemi structured proforma. To assess depressive features, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and toevaluate perceived social support- Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) wereadministered. Data was analyzed statistically.Results: The mean age of the participant was 28.5 years (3.9), all of them were married, majority of thembeing housewives, with primary/secondary level of education and from rural area. On assessment withPHQ9, the prevalence of depression was 32%. Among them 17 % had mild depression, 12% had moderatedepression, and 3% had severe depression. Women with advancing age, lower education level,unemployment, previous miscarriage, miscarriage following treatment for infertility had significantdepression. The perceived social support in the form of family and friends was significantly less in depressedpatients.Conclusion: Miscarriage is a significant stressful event in a women’s life. These women should be evaluatedfor depressive symptoms and carers should be psycho-educated regarding need of social support followingmiscarriage. Early diagnosis and management of depression will help in reducing further morbidity and willimprove the quality of life of these patients.
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Background & Objective: The prevention and control of tobacco use is an emerging issue of global significance and of central importance to oral health and dental care. The dental profession is in an excellent position to play a major role in several emerging issues, such as helping the public and policymakers understand the chronic nature of tobacco dependence and supporting cessation services for all people. Objective is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of dental surgeons in Kanpur city towards tobacco cessation. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among dental surgeons by using self-administered questionnaire with23 closed-ended questions. A total of100 dental practitioners who fulfilled the eligibility criteria, participated in the study. Out of this 85 people returned the filled questionnaire form and the response rate was 85%. Descriptive statistics included computation of percentages. Results: Most of the respondents were male (80%) and had practiced dentistry for 5-10 years (91.8%). All the respondents (100%) had the knowledge of harmful effects of tobacco use. A less percentage (8.3%) used tobacco themselves. All the respondents (100%) did not maintain any records on tobacco use. Most of the respondents (82.4%) provided information on harmful effects of tobacco to less than thirty percent of the patients. Only 48.2% dental surgeons advised users to quit. Conclusion: The results of this study call for sensitizing health professionals on a larger scale on the issue of tobacco use and its treatment.
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Background: Fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of inherited X-linked mental retardation. It is due to a mutation in a gene on X chromosome leading to hyper-expansion of a trinucleotide repeat sequence. The two most common Fragile sites with clinical significance are FRAXA at Xq27.3 comprising CGG repeat and a more distal FRAXE associated with amplification of a GCC repeat, located at Xq28. The frequency of occurrence of Fragile X syndrome is estimated to be 1/4000 male births. Screening of referrals for the mutations associated with the Fragile X syndrome constitutes a significant workload in many genetic laboratories. Aims: The aim of the present study was to establish the use of PCR based simple and rapid method of initial screening of samples, so that only a minority of samples tested positive with the above methods need to be screened by Southern blotting which is more time consuming and involves use of radioactive material. materials and Methods: Study includes 294 patients with mental retardation. DNA extracted from blood was used for simultaneous amplification of the triplet repeat sequences at the FRAXA and FRAXE loci. Secondly samples from females were analyzed for heterozygosity of normal FRAXA allele. For confirmation of the presence of an expanded FRAXA allele in all the male positive cases, Southern blot hybridization was carried out. PCR based assay was done to detect methylation of the CpG island upstream of the FMR-1 gene. Results: Out of the 294 cases 23 (7.8%) were found to be having full mutation (FM) for FRAXA (21 males, 1 female & 1 male with mosaic FM/PM) and 13 females as having premutation (PM). All these 36 cases were confirmed by Southern blotting using appropriate probes. Among the females the heterozygosity for FRAXA allele was found to be 46%. Conclusion: Non-radioactive PCR methods are efficient and rapid test for intial screening of samples for the presence of FRAXA and FRAXE mutations. Since a large majority of referrals do not have Fragile X, this economical and reliable method reduces the number of samples needing Southern blotting.