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Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequently occurring congenital disorder, responsible for 28% of all congenital birth defects. The birth prevalence of CHD is reported to be 8-12/1000 live births. Considering a rate of 9/1000, about 1.35 million babies are born with CHD each year globally. Objective of research work to study the prevalence of CHD among newborn and its types.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried among 34 cases of CHD/5126 newborn screened at 4 birthing places in Kashipur a small town in Uttrakhand at pediatrics department of Sahota Super-specialty hospital, Kashipur, Uttarakhand. Screening program between 22 August 2014, and March 30, 2019. All newborns, including preterm babies, delivered in these facilities were eligible for inclusion in this study.Results: Present study found the prevalence of CHD was 0.7 per 1000 children (34/5126). Around 26.5% participants have cyanotic CHD and 73.5% have acynotic CHD. Almost 44%, 28%, 20%, 4% and 4% participants of acynotic congenital heart diseases have VSD, ASD, PDA, AVSD and valvular PS respectively and 55.6%, 22.2%, 11.1% and 11.1% participants of cynotic congenital heart diseases have TOF, DORV/VSD, dTGA/VSD and tricuspid atresia respectively.Conclusions: Screening for congenital heart disease should be included as a part of newborn assessment as it is a common congenital problem. Early identification influences outcome. Barriers in implementation of the screening programmes in resource limited setting is a challenging feature. This study can provide observed data that can help in policy making in the health sector.
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Background: The hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute communicable disease, mostly affecting children under 5 years of age and caused by human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16). The usual incubation period is 3 to 7 days. Early symptoms are likely to be fever often followed by a sore throat followed by loss of appetite and general malaise. Aim and objectives was to study the trend of hand foot and mouth disease in a private hospital in Uttarakhand over 5 successive years.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried among 297 cases of HFMD newborn screened at pediatrics department of Sahota Super-specialty hospital, Kashipur, Uttarakhand during year 2015 to 2019 after ethical clearance of institutional ethical committee. Diagnosis is coded with ICD-10. SPSS version 20 was used to calculate frequencies and percentiles.Results: Almost 29 cases of HMFD were picked in 2015, 32 cases in 2016, 43 cases in 2017, 81 cases in 2018, 112 in 2019. Fever observed in 86% cases. Neurological complications were observed in 9 (3%) cases, pneumonitis in 14 (4.7%) cases, cardiomyopathy observed in 3 (<1%) case. One death was reported.Conclusions: It is vital to screen patients with HFMD for these abnormal clinical presentations, allowing timely initiation of appropriate interventions to reduce the mortality. Increased awareness about vaccination in a developing nation like India and vaccination program at the grass root levels have eradicated certain lethal diseases.
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Backround: The patho-physiology of anal fissure is thought to be related to trauma to the anoderm from any cause. A tear in the anoderm causes acute pain, which results in spasm of the internal anal sphincter and decreased blood supply to the anoderm. Aim: To comparative evaluation of topical 0.2% Glyceryl trinitrate ointment and topical 2% Diltiazem ointment in anal fissure and to evaluate the role of topical 0.2% Glyceryl trinitrate ointment and topical 2% Diltiazem ointment in healing of anal fissure as compared to prevalent conservative treatment i.e. topical anaesthetics Material and methods: The study was conducted on the patients of anal fissure reported in outpatient department of General Surgery at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot including 60 patients which randomized in 3 groups, group A, group B and group C. the data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS version 16. Results: Improvement in constipation after 8 weeks of treatment were 85%, 85% and 80% in Group A, B and C respectively and p value was non-significant (0.887). Improvement in bleeding after 8 weeks of treatment were 90%, 90% and 85% in Group A, B and C respectively and p value was non- significant (0.851). Healing was 78.57%, 92.31% and 46.15% in Group A, B and C respectively Conclusion: Topical 2% Diltiazem and 0.2% Glyceryl trinitrate ointment are equally effective in healing of chronic anal fissure. However, early pain improvement and fewer side effect profile of Topical 2% Diltiazem ointment; this study suggests it as first line treatment of chronic anal fissure.
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Background: Penetrating keratoplasty is the surgical removal of diseased cornea with replacement by full thickness corneal donor tissue. The aim of the study was to know the visual outcome in patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty. Methods: Thirty patients were selected from department of ophthalmology, Guru Gobind Singh medical college & hospital, Faridkot for penetrating keratoplasty. Results: Visual acuity of 6/12 was seen in 1 case, 6/18 in 4 cases, 6/36 in 5 cases, 6/60 in 5 cases, 3/60 in 4 cases, hand movements in 4 cases, PL+PR+ in 2 cases and no perception of light in 2 cases. Final vision at 6 months of follow up was >6/60 in 10 cases (33.33%). 5 cases (16.67%) had vision between 6/60-4/60. 13 cases (43.33%) had vision of 3/60 or less. While in 2 cases (6.67%) there was no vision at the end of follow up. Conclusion: Penetrating keratoplasty helps patients in regaining vision which makes them able to move independently. Although in our study visual outcome of more than 3/60 was present in only 50% cases.