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Nanotechnology has extensive application as nanomedicine in the medical field.Some nanoparticles have pos-sible applications in novel diagnostic instruments,imagery and methodologies,targeted medicinal products,pharmaceutical products,biomedical implants,and tissue engineering.Today treatments of high toxicity can be administered with improved safety using nanotechnology,such as chemotherapeutic cancer drugs.Further,wear-able gadgets can detect crucial changes in vital signs,cancer cell conditions,and infections that are genuinely happening in the body.We anticipate these technologies to provide doctors with considerably much better direct access to critical data on the reasons for changes in the signs of life or illness because of the technological presence at the source of the problem.Biomedicine can be utilised for therapies with predictive analytics and artificial intelligence.For carrying out this study,relevant papers on Nanotechnology in the medical field from Scopus,Google scholar,ResearchGate,and other research platforms are identified and studied.The study discusses dif-ferent types of Nanoparticles used in the medical field.This paper discusses nanotechnology applications in the medical field.The class,features,and characteristics of Nanotechnology for medicine are also briefed.Scientists,governments,civil society organisations,and the general public will need to collaborate across sectors to assess the significance of nanotechnology and guide its advancement in various fields.The current research includes sev-eral possible Nanotechnology uses in the medical field.As a result,the study provides a brief and well-organised report on nanotechnology that should be valuable to researchers,engineers,and scientists for future research projects.
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There is a growing demand for customised,biocompatible,and sterilisable components in the medical busi-ness.3D Printing is a disruptive technology for healthcare and provides significant research and development avenues.Simple 3D printing service gives patients low-cost individualised prostheses,implants,and gadgets,en-abling surgeons to operate more effectively with customised equipment and models;and assisting medical device manufacturers in developing new and faster goods.3D printed tissue pieces can overcome various challenges and may eventually allow medication companies to streamline research and development.In the long run,it may also assist in lowering prices and making medicines more accessible and effective for everybody.There is a growing corpus of research on the advantages of employing 3D printed anatomic models in teaching and training.The capacity to 3D printing individual anatomical diseases for practical learning is one of the funda-mental contrasts between utilising 3D and regular anatomical models.3D printing is very appealing for producing patient-specific implants.This literature review-based paper explores the role of 3D printing and 3D bioprinting in healthcare.It briefs the need and progressive steps for implementing 3D printing in healthcare and presented various facilities and enablers of 3D printing for the healthcare sector.Finally,this paper identifies and discusses the significant applications of 3D printing for healthcare research and development.3D printing services can be deployed to easily construct complex geometries in plastic or metal with good precision.This results in improved prototypes,lower costs,and lower part processing times.They can now physically create with natural materials,previously unattainable with prior technologies.Every hospital should have 3D printers in the future,allowing new organs/parts to be developed in-house.
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Background: Most severe neurological complication of infection with Plasmodium falciparum is Cerebral malaria (CM). In adults, cerebral malaria is part of a multi-organ disease. Patients develop fever, headache, body ache and progressively, delirium and coma. Hence; we planned the present study to assess the renal manifestation in patients with CM. Materials & methods: Present study was planned to assess renal manifestations in patients with CM. A total of 25 patients were included in the present study which were diagnosed with suffering from CM. Fasting blood samples and urine samples were collected from all the patients. Complete hematological and urine picture was obtained for evaluation of renal manifestations in CM patients. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Renal manifestations were found to be present in 40 percent of the patients suffering from CM. Proteinuria was the most common renal manifestation encountered in the present study, which was seen in 28 percent of the total patient’s population. Conclusion: Renal manifestations are seen in a significant population of patients affected with CM
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Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of nosocomial pneumonia occurring in patients who are mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours. VAP is the most common nosocomial infection occurring in the intensive care units and its incidence varies from 8% to 28%. AIMS & OBJECTIVES- This study was done to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates obtained from the endotracheal aspirates of the clinically suspected patients of VAP in ICU. Materials & Methods: The study was conducted in the department of general medicine of the Haridev Joshi Hospital, Dungarpur, Rajasthan, India. The present study included 52 patients who had serum bilirubin > 3 mg%. So, after excluded patient the study group included 45 patients. All patients were underwent a set of investigations, including conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, and serum AST and ALT levels. All the patients with cerebral malaria underwent detailed ultrasonography to check the size and echo-texture of the liver. Results: A total of 45 patients with malaria were included in the study. The mean serum bilirubin level was 11.23+6.8 mg %, mean AST levels was 298.42+242.21 IU/l and mean ALT levels was 382.21+298.12 IU/l. 17 patients were diagnosed having cerebral malaria. The patients with cerebral malaria were directed to undergo USG abdomen. Enlarged size if liver was seen 14 patients. Conclusion: Within the limitations of our study we conclude that significant hepatitis findings are seen in patients with cerebral malaria. Required supportive and anti-malarial treatment should be provided to the patients with specially taking care of the hepatic health.
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ABSTRACT Red rot, caused by Colletotrichum falcatum Went is the most important disease of sugarcane in India inflicting substantial loss to both cane industry and cane growers. To keep in view the importance of red rot disease of sugarcane, 117 accession of sugarcane germplasm including different Saccharum species and Indian and foreign commercial hybrids were tested against red rot with Cf 07, Cf 08 & Cf 09 (national pathotypes) by plug method of inoculation. Out of 117, 6 were found resistant and 12 were moderately resistant against red rot and rest were moderately susceptible/susceptible/highly susceptible. Theses resistance and moderately resistant accession can be further utilize to produce resistance varieties against the most devastating pathogen of sugarcane.
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Rauwolfia species (Apocynaceae) are medicinal plants well known worldwide due to its potent bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) such as reserpine, ajmalicine, ajmaline, serpentine and yohimbine. Reserpine, ajmalicine and ajmaline are powerful antihypertensive, tranquilizing agents used in hypertension. Yohimbine is an aphrodisiac used in dietary supplements. As there is no report on the comparative and comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the roots of Rauwolfia species, we have developed an efficient and reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for ethanolic root extract of Rauwolfia species to elucidate the fragmentation pathways for dereplication of bioactive MIAs using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–QTOF–MS/MS) in positive ion mode. We identified and established diagnostic fragment ions and fragmentation pathways using reserpine, ajmalicine, ajmaline, serpentine and yohimbine. The MS/MS spectra of reserpine, ajmalicine, and ajmaline showed C-ring-cleavage whereas E-ring cleavage was observed in serpentine via Retro Diels Alder (RDA). A total of 47 bioactive MIAs were identified and characterized on the basis of their molecular formula, exact mass measurements and MS/MS analysis. Reserpine, ajmalicine, ajmaline, serpentine and yohimbine were unambiguously identified by comparison with their authentic standards and other 42 MIAs were tentatively identified and characterized from the roots of Rauwolfia hookeri, Rauwolfia micrantha, Rauwolfia serpentina, Rauwolfia verticillata, Rauwolfia tetraphylla and Rauwolfia vomitoria. Application of LC–MS followed by principal component analysis (PCA) has been successfully used to discriminate among six Rauwolfia species.
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The study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of multivitamin and micronutrient supplementation in azoospermic patients with maturation arrest. A total of 35 azoospermic patients showing maturation arrest on testicular biopsy were recruited in this study. The patients were divided into two groups. Untreated group (n=11) without any treatment and treated group (n=24) who received multivitamins, micronutrients and co-enzyme Q10. The sperm concentration, motility and morphology were evaluated at monthly interval. The results showed reduction in liquefaction time and relative viscosity of the semen in the treated group. Further, in treated group there was appearance of spermatozoa (4.0 million/ml) exhibiting progressive motility (7%) and normal morphology (6%), even in the first follow up visit. The sperm count, motility and normal morphology increased significantly on subsequent visits. Within 3 months (3 visits) 2 pregnancies were reported. These observations indicate that multivitamin and micronutrient supplementation improve the qualitative and quantitative parameters of seminogram in patients with azoospermia of maturation arrest.
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Effect of cumulative doses (7, 14 and 28 mgkg-1 body weight) of testosterone (T) and estradiol-17b (E2) on total phospholipids (TP), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in tissues were investigated during the gonadal recrudescence, in prespawning phase of the annual reproductive cycle in intact and ovariectomized freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. After ovariectomy, the hepatic levels of TP and PE were elevated and remained unaffected for PC, PS and PE when compared with control. In general, T and E2 were stimulatory for a specific class of phospholipid in tissues of intact and ovariectomized catfish. These effects were higher at 14 and 28 mg kg-1 body weight in ovariectomized catfish whereas 7 mgkg-1 body weight of T and E2 have pronounced effect in intact ovaries. In conclusion, the various phospholipid biosynthesis were under T and E2 dependent. Among the phospholipid, the PC was the main constituent and was sex steroid dependent biosynthesis during prespawning phase.
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The catfish, H. fossilis were exposed to endosulfan for 30 days at sub-lethal concentration (0.002 ppm) during different phases of its annual reproductive cycle. Its impact on total (TP) and different phospholipids- phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatdylinositol (Pl) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were measured in liver plasma and ovary. On pesticide exposure, during preparatory phase, the hepatic TP PC and PE were declined. The plasma levels of TP, PC and PS were declined with the elevation of PE whereas in ovary only PC was lowered after endosulfan exposure. During pre-spawning phase, the hepatic TP, PC and PE declined in liver plasma and ovary after endosulfan exposure. During spawning phase, only plasma and ovarian phospholipids showed decrease in their levels following endosulfan exposure. In the post-spawning phase, endosulfan elevated the levels of TP, PC and PS in ovary but had no effect on their levels in liver and plasma. During resting phase, the TP, PC and Pl were found to be decreasing its levels. Thus it appears that this pesticide interfere with phospholipids metabolism during annual reproductive cycle of this species.
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Animales , Bagres/sangre , Endosulfano/toxicidad , Femenino , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfolípidos/sangre , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Male Heteropneustes fossilis were exposed for 30 days at sublethal concentration (0.002 ppm) during different phases of its annual reproductive cycle. Its impact on total phospholipids (TP), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatdylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were measured in liver, plasma and testes. During preparatory phase, in general, the levels for TP, PC, PS, PI and PE decreased after endosulfan exposure in the above tissues. During prespawning and spawning phases, the phospholipids also showed decreasing trend. The postspawning phase, exhibited decline in hepatic levels of PS and PI only and remained unaffected in the other two tissues. During the resting phase too, the hepatic levels of TP, PS and PI declined and remained unaltered in others. The present results indicate that endosulfan have very selective effects on phospholipids classes during different phases of the annual reproductive cycle interfering with the production of lipid deprived energy i.e. vitellogenin. In general, endosulfan has inhibitory role during reproductive growth affecting phospholipid biosynthesis via hepatic enzyme systems as well as by hormonal imbalance.
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Animales , Endosulfano/toxicidad , Peces/metabolismo , Masculino , Fosfolípidos/metabolismo , Reproducción , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidadRESUMEN
ESR increased at all concentrations and exposures to LAS. However, increases were more pronounced at LC50 for 24 h and minimum at the end of 96 h.