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The experiment was conducted during the Rabi season 2022-23 at Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P.). The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Block Design consisting of 10 treatment combinations and 3 replications. The treatments consist of 3 levels of Nitrogen (60, 80 and 100 kg/ha) and 3 levels of Gibberellic acid (25, 50 and 75 ppm). The treatment combinations are as follows, T1 – [Nitrogen (60 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (25ppm)], T2 – [Nitrogen (60 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (50ppm)], T3 – [Nitrogen (60 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (75ppm)], T4 – [Nitrogen (80 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (25ppm)], T5 – [Nitrogen (80 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (50ppm)], T6 – [Nitrogen (80 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (75ppm)], T7 – [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (25ppm)], T8 – [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid 50ppm)], T9 – [Nitrogen 100 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (75ppm)] and T10 – [Control]. The results showed that treatment 9 [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (75ppm)] recorded significantly higher plant height (188.83 cm), maximum number of leaves/plant (15.00), higher plant dry weight (71.29 g), maximum stem thickness (2.40 cm), higher green forage yield (43.55 t/ha) and maximum moisture content (83.45 %) compare to all other treatments. The maximum gross return (108875.00 INR/ha), net return (71914.35 INR/ha) and highest B:C ratio (1.94) was recorded in treatment 9 application of [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Gibberellic acid (75ppm)] as compared to all other treatments.
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A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Rabi season 2022-23 on chickpea crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments and three replication. The treatments consist of 3 levels of Phosphorus (30, 40 and 50 kg/ha) and 3 levels of Zinc (10, 15 and 20 kg/ha). The treatment combinations are as follows, T1 – 30 kg/ha Phosphorus + 10 kg/ha Zinc, T2 – 30 kg/ha Phosphorus and 15 kg/ha Zinc, T3 – 30 kg/ha Phosphorus and 20 kg/h Zinc, T4 – 40 kg/ha Phosphorus + 10 kg/ha Zinc, T5 – 40 kg/ha Phosphorus + 15 kg/ha Zinc, T6 – 40 kg/ha Phosphorus + 20 kg/ha Zinc, T7 – 50 kg/ha Phosphorus + 10 kg/ha Zinc, T8 – 50 kg/ha Phosphorus + 15 kg/ha Zinc, T9 – 50 kg/ha Phosphorus + 20 kg/ha Zinc and T10 – (control). The nutrient sources were Urea, Single Super Phosphate (SSP) and Muriate of Potash (MOP), applied as per the recommended dose of 20-40-20 kg NPK/ha. As per the treatment, application of phosphorus and zinc were done as basal application. The treatment consisted of soil application of Phosphorus (30 kg/ha, 40 kg/ha and 50 kg/ha), Zinc (10 kg/ha, 15 kg/ha and 20 kg/ha) and zinc and a control (20-40-20 kg NPK/ha). The results of the experiment showed that, plant height (48.81 cm), dry weight (14.88 g) number of nodules/plant (14.67), number of pods/plant (30.07), number of seeds/pod (1.37), seed index (21.36 g), seed yield (2.66 t/ha) and stover yield (4.26 t/ha), harvest index (38.31) were recorded significantly highest with the application Phosphorus 50 kg/ha + Zinc 20 kg/ha. Maximum gross returns (152516.67 INR/ha), net returns (102367.23 INR/ha), and B-C ratio (2.04) were also obtained with the same treatment.
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The field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Naini Agriculture Institute, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Zaid 2022 on sandy loamy soil. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. The experiment consists of treatments i.e., VAM (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 30kg ha-1, PSB (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 30kg ha-1, VAM + PSB (40g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 30kg/ha, VAM (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 40kg ha-1, PSB (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 40kg ha-1, VAM + PSB (40g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 40kg/ha, VAM (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 50kg ha-1, PSB (20g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 50kg ha-1, VAM + PSB (40g/kg seed) + Phosphorus 50kg/ha, including control i.e., application of 20-40-20 kg NPK ha-1 (Farmer practice), which are replicated thrice. The variety PDM-139 SAMRAT green gram was sown in February 2023. The results of the experiment revealed that the application of VAM + PSB @ (40g/kg seed) along with 50 kg ha-1 of phosphorus significantly increased the growth parameters viz., plant height (32.94 cm), plant dry weight (42.73 g plant-1), crop growth rate (72.1 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate (2.16 g m-1 day-1), branches per plant (6.53), nodules per plant (16.4) and yield parameters viz, pods per plant (19.20), seeds per pod (11.87), test weight (40.0g), seed yield (1,620 kg ha-1), haulm yield (1,022.22 kg ha-1), harvest index (49.30%) over control. This treatment also showed its positive effect on economics viz., gross returns (Rs. 1,45,770 ha-1), net return (Rs. 1,04,120.40 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.50).
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Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) contributes to 25% maternal mortality worldwide (WHO, 2007). In poor resource settings where facility of refrigeration is not available uterotonics may not prove to be useful in prevention of PPH. The aim of this study is to find out the efficacy and acceptability of Amr’s cervical traction maneuver in prevention of PPH in such set up.Methods: This interventional observational study was conducted among 220 patients coming in labour eligible for vaginal delivery in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S. N. Medical College, Agra between December 2020 to May 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: study group (110 patients) where Amr’s maneuver along with AMTSL is done and control group: where AMTSL is done alone.Results: The mean age of participants in study group was 23.76 years and control group was 23.75 years. In both groups, 59.5% were primigravidae. Mean BMI in both group was 25.02 kg/m2. Almost 61% had spontaneous labour. Nearly 92% delivered normally without instruments. In study group 66% patients had blood loss less than 400ml. Average blood loss was 255.23 ml in study group and 300.25 ml in control group. The difference is clinically significant. The mean blood loss in PPH patients in study group was 603.75 ml, and in control group it is 753.25 ml, which is clinically significant.Conclusions: Amr’s maneuver is a simple maneuver when done in combination with AMTSL results in reducing the incidence of PPH and amount of blood loss post-delivery to a great extent.
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Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) contributes to 25% maternal mortality worldwide (WHO, 2007). In poor resource settings where facility of refrigeration is not available uterotonics may not prove to be useful in prevention of PPH. The aim of this study is to find out the efficacy and acceptability of Amr’s cervical traction maneuver in prevention of PPH in such set up.Methods: This interventional observational study was conducted among 220 patients coming in labour eligible for vaginal delivery in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S. N. Medical College, Agra between December 2020 to May 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: study group (110 patients) where Amr’s maneuver along with AMTSL is done and control group: where AMTSL is done alone.Results: The mean age of participants in study group was 23.76 years and control group was 23.75 years. In both groups, 59.5% were primigravidae. Mean BMI in both group was 25.02 kg/m2. Almost 61% had spontaneous labour. Nearly 92% delivered normally without instruments. In study group 66% patients had blood loss less than 400ml. Average blood loss was 255.23 ml in study group and 300.25 ml in control group. The difference is clinically significant. The mean blood loss in PPH patients in study group was 603.75 ml, and in control group it is 753.25 ml, which is clinically significant.Conclusions: Amr’s maneuver is a simple maneuver when done in combination with AMTSL results in reducing the incidence of PPH and amount of blood loss post-delivery to a great extent.
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Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is the most common type of germ cell tumor. It constitutes approximately 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. As a rare occurrence, however, several types of benign and malignant tumours developing secondarily in dermoid cysts have been reported. Those of central nervous origin are almost exclusively gliomas of astrocytic, ependymal or oligodendroglial lineage. Choroid plexus tumors are unusual intracranial tumors which comprised of only 0.4?0.6% of all brain tumors. These are neuroectodermal in origin and similar in structure to a normal choroid plexus in the form of multiple papillary fronds mounted on a well vascularized connective tissue stroma. The present case report highlights the presence of a choroid plexus tumor in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary in a 27?year?old woman who came for safe confinement and cesarean section.
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Since the liberalization of trade regulations, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has played a crucial role in the expansion of Indian economy, both at the macro and sector levels. The connection between FDI and economic expansion is a debatable subject worldwide. The volume of inflow varies due to a variety of regional, national, and global factors that affect investment choices. Critical policy changes and proactive decision-making demonstrated the government's exceptional resilience, which even helped to mitigate the pandemic's harm. The potential impact of FDI on important macroeconomic indicators is examined in this research paper. In order to analyze the trend of the economic route of future, the study shows the sectoral division of FDI influx. Understanding the divides and patterns helped to provide insight on how the economy was evolving. Changes to regimes are still being made by policymakers in an effort to attract FDI
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Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leadingcauses of death among adult celiacs. Increased risk isattributed to unfavourable cholesterol profile. Studies on lipidprofile among celiacs have shown variable results. Effectof gluten free diet (GFD) on cardiovascular risk profile isfurther controversial. Knowledge among children can help inrisk stratification and timely modification of diet if needed.Current study objective was to record the lipid profile amongchildren with celiac and the impact of six months of glutenfree diet on it.Material and methods: In this single arm pre and postinterventional study, newly diagnosed symptomatic children1-14 years with Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibodypositive and biopsy proven (Marsh 3) celiac were enrolled.Sample size of 31 was calculated as per TC and HDL referencelevels. Fasting Lipid profile was evaluated at baseline and atsix months of GFD. Children with diabetes, hypothyroidism,nephrotic syndrome, congenital hyperlipidaemia and on drugscausing hyperlipidaemia were excluded. The data analysis wasdone using Statistical software R and Stata 15.0. Quantitativevariables were compared using Paired T test/Wilcoxon test.Qualitative variables were correlated using Chi-Square test/Fisher’s exact test.Results: Median age of children was 8 years (5-10 years).Median age at onset of symptoms was 6 (3.15 -8.75) yearsand median duration of illness prior to diagnosis was 12 (7.5-24) months. 83.87% presented with typical GI symptoms.Mean Total cholesterol (TC) was 131.8±39.7 mg/dl, meanHDL cholesterol was 41.2±12.6 mg/dl, mean Triglycerideswas 92.0±35.5mg/dl and mean LDL was 75 ± 32.3 mg/dl atdiagnosis. Average increase in HDL after GFD was 13 (4.9 to21.3) mg/dl. TC/HDL ratio was decreased significantly afterGFD {-0.5 (-0.9 to -0.03)}.Conclusion: Children with celiac have a normal lipid profile.GFD for six months increases HDL-C plasma concentrationand lowers TC/HDL ratios.
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Background: Mifepristone and Dinoprostone are used in inducing labour in pregnancy by acting as cervical ripening drugs. A randomized case control study to evaluate the efficacy, safety and fetomaternal outcome of induction of labour with oral Mifepristone and intracervical Dinoprostone gel was done.Methods: About 300 patients were included after taking informed consent. 150 patients were placed in each group A and B. In group A patients received 200 mg oral Mifepristone tablet and in group B 0.5 mg Dinoprostone gel was given intracervically and 2nd dose was repeated after 6 hours later if adequate uterine contractions were not achieved. A detailed analysis was carried out in both groups regarding efficacy and safety of drugs in terms of necessity of augmentation of labour with oxytocin, induction to delivery interval, fetal outcome in terms of NICU admission.Results: 59.33% cases in Mifepristone group and 72% case in Dinoprostone group required augmentation with oxytocin. Mean induction delivery interval in Mifepristone group in primigravida was 17.998±1.128 hrs and mean induction delievery interval in multigravida was 11.648±1.112 hours. 88% cases in mifipristone group and 80% cases in Dinoprostone group delivered vaginally. NICU admission was 1.33% in Mifepristone group and 2.66% in PGE2 gel group.Conclusions: Mifepristone when compared with intracervical Dinoprostone gel, acts as a better cervical ripening agent and requires lesser need for Oxytocin augmentation. Though, mean induction delivery interval was more with Mifepistone, the incidence of successful vaginal delivery was higher as compared to Dinoprostone.
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Background: In India, many couples complete their families by the age of 25 to 30 years and opt for tubal sterilization as a method of family planning in spite of availability of other spacing methods. Due to unforeseen circumstances, 10 % of them regret their decision and about 1% want to restore their fertility due to various reasons like loss of only child, loss of male child, desire to have more children, loss of children in natural calamities, remarriage and other socioeconomic factors. The objective of the present study was to analyze various factors which are involved in pregnancy rate in tubal recanalization.Methods: 31 women undergoing microsurgical tubal recanalization by mini laparotomy in RRMCH, Bengaluru during a study period of 2 year from 2014 -2016 were followed up for a period of 2 years by telephonic conversation.Results: An overall 67.7 % pregnancy rate was achieved with microsurgery technique.Conclusions: The important factors determining the success of operation were age of the patient, method of previous ligation and the remaining length of tube after recanalization. The microsurgical technique should be available at specialized centres to improve the success of family planning services and also this could be the hope for hopeless.
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Caroli’s disease and Caroli’s syndrome are rare congenital disorders. Caroli’s disease is characterized by multiple sequential cystic or saccular dilatations of the large intrahepatic biliary ducts while Caroli’s syndrome has small bile duct involvement and congenital hepatic fibrosis. The incidence of Caroli’s disease is as low as 1/1,000,000 people. The average age of presentation is early adolescence. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is a most valuable investigation in diagnosis. Here, we report the case of Caroli’s Type II without renal involvement as late as 6 years of age with severe portal hypertension and hypersplenism. The child had no history of jaundice or recurrent abdominal pain in the past.
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Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane is known as cyanosis which is a clinical sign that occurs in many diseases. The causes of central cyanosis are cardiac shunts causing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, lung diseases with ventilation-perfusion mismatch, polycythemia, and methemoglobinemia. Methemoglobin is the oxidized form of hemoglobin, which does not bind oxygen and increases the affinity of oxygen for the partially oxidized portion of hemoglobin. Methemoglobinemia may be congenital or acquired (usually drug induced). Congenital methemoglobinemia is a very rarely reported disease that is caused by a deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome b5 reductase enzyme deficiency or by an abnormal hemoglobin called hemoglobin H. Acquired methemoglobinemia is caused by drugs, namely the sulfonamide group and local anesthetics such as benzocaine and prilocaine. Here, we present the case of a 4-year-old girl who presented with complaints of bluishness of the fingers and lips without any other associated symptoms and later on diagnosed as congenital methemoglobinemia.
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Background: Eating patterns differ vastly among young adult females due to their body image concern and this consequently affects their BMI status. In most cases the subjects choose to skip meals, change their eating pattern, switch on to exercise so as to lose weight to gain appreciable body image. But it is also seen that in the way to have perfect body image, these subjects tend to have unhealthy food habits that affect their BMI, i.e., either they become underweight or overweight, and it results in malnourishment. The present paper reviews association of eating patterns and body image perception among young adult females and the effect of this association on their BMI. Methodology: In depth literature review was carried out using available search engines such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct etc, for published original articles, government reports with specific reference to young adult females were collected. Results: A total of 10 original articles and 3 systematic review articles were included regarding this paper. All the 10 original articles had study subjects belonging to urban background and majority included medical students. A high prevalence of malnourishment was seen among subjects and majority of them were dissatisfied with their body image. Conclusion: This review article focused on the young adult female groups which may be useful for future studies because the body image perception and changing eating patterns are the major issues in the young adult females. Through this review article, various aspects have been revealed that would lead to significant step towards the improvement in the eating patterns of young adult females.
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Food taboos are commonly found among around all societies of the world. In every society, culture and beliefs influence the women eating patterns during pregnancy. In Indian society, most food practices and beliefs have emerged from deeply rooted traditions and customs of particular geographical area or culture. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were- 1. To study the prevalence of food taboos and social beliefs among pregnant women. 2. To find out the avoided certain food and reason behind it during the pregnancy. 3. To study the association between the demographic characteristic of pregnant women and food taboos. Methods & Materials: Participants of the study were pregnant 105 women aged 18 to 35 years of Harahua Primary Health Centre, in Varanasi District. The cross-sectional study design was used to obtain the objective of the study. The finding of the study revealed that most of the pregnant women (70.47%) use to avoid some foods during pregnancy. Papaya was the most common food, which was avoided by the pregnant women, and reasons for not consuming the papaya, is it cause were abortion and it is a hot food. The findings of the present study also revealed no association between food taboos and pregnant women demographic characteristics such as age, category, type of family, educational status, socio-economic status, number of pregnancy etc. It means in every type of family, educated women, as well as of high socio-economic backgrounds women use to belief on food taboos.
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Achondroplasia is a rare disorder occurring in 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000 live births. However, it is the commonest disorder among more than 100 different types of dwarfism. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait but most cases (80%) are due to mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). These individuals have normal mental and sexual development and life-span may also be normal. However, problems such as pre-eclampsia, polyhydramnios, respiratory compromise, contracted pelvis necessitating lower-segment cesarean section, prematurity and fetal wastage, etc., have been reported. General anesthesia is preferred to regional anesthesia because of spinal abnormalities. The aim of this report is to describe the surgical management of these patients discussing the surgical consideration and emphasizing the difficulties encountered. Such a patient is considered high-risk in terms of anesthesia and obstetric outcome. A case of achondroplasia with pregnancy is reported. A 28-year-old achondroplastic parturient underwent cesarean section under general anesthesia for contracted pelvis. We did not encounter problems related to cesarean section. The most important point is the careful preoperative assessment. Anesthesia plan should be specified to individual basis.
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Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of bedside test kits (Actim partus kit) based on detection of phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1(PIGFBP-1) in cervical secretions in predicting preterm delivery. Material and methods: Patients presenting with symptoms of preterm labor between 28 and 36 weeks of gestation were recruited. PIGFBP-1 bedside tests (Actim partus test) were performed. Managing obstetricians and patients were blinded to the PIGFBP-1 results. Tocolysis and steroid therapy were administered to all the recruited patients. Outcome data were collected after delivery. Results: Fifty patients were recruited into the study, the median [± standard deviation [SD] gestational age at delivery was 34.12 weeks (± 2.1 weeks) and 37.14 weeks (± 2.8 weeks), patient testing positive and negative for Actim partus test, respectively. A positive result was associated with significantly reduced admission-to-delivery interval. The median admission-to-delivery interval was 3.25 days in the group with positive PIGFBP-1 results while 6.97 days with a PIGFBP-1 result (p < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Actim partus test is 72.22%, 90.6% 81.25% and 85.29%, respectively. Conclusion: Actim partus (IGFBP-1) tests are effective adjuvant bedside test kits for the prediction of preterm delivery in patients presenting with signs or symptoms of preterm labor. High negative predictive values have great value in avoiding unnecessary interventions.