RESUMEN
Plant growth regulator’s plays a very important role in Kinnow production. There are different type of PGR’s that includes GA3, NAA, CPPU and Ethyl which when applied on kinnow performs well and give good results such as high quality, yield and long shelf life of the fruit. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are well known for having a significant impact on fruit retention. Plant growth regulators are hormones that are involved in physiological functions, developmental aspect and have an impact on cell development and growth. They are cellular communication tools known as chemical messengers Also known by the name "plant hormones”. Plant growth regulators enhance fruit set, minimize fruit drop, and correct a variety of physiological functions to improve quality and productivity by improving the physiology of fruits. Gibberellins and auxin are frequently used to reduce fruit drop and enhance fruit quality. The primary role of plant growth regulators in the creation of Kinnow mandarins is the main subject of this review.
RESUMEN
Fibromatosis colli, a rare benign congenital mass of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, is mainly found in the neonatal age group, often at the age of 2 to 4 weeks of life. Also known as a pseudo tumour, its aetiology is still unknown and may occur due to injury of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the last trimester of intrauterine life or during delivery. Frequently manifests as restriction of neck movement and enlarging neck mass at around 14-28 days after birth. Ultrasonography (USG) neck is the preferred diagnostic modality. Treatment is mainly conservative consisting of observation and stretching exercises. Surgical intervention is required in <10% of cases and consists of a tenotomy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. We present a case report of fibromatosis colli in a 15-day-old female neonate with a history of birth trauma presented with a right neck mass and torticollis, diagnosed using high-frequency ultrasound. This condition regressed in the next few months while the patient was instituted only conservative treatment. Thus, signifying the importance of clinical diagnosis and differentiation from other causes of neck masses to prevent unnecessary investigation and overtreatment.
RESUMEN
Osteopetrosis, or marble bone disease, is a rare genetic metabolic bone disease initially described by Albers-Schönberg in 1904. Osteopetrosis includes a clinically heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by increased bone density due to a defect in bone resorption by osteoclasts. The osteoclasto-genesis as well as the osteoclastic activity may be distorted. Clinical symptoms of osteopetrosis vary greatly in their presentation and severity as the spectrum ranges from the neonatal onset with life-threatening complications to incidental findings of osteopetrosis on radiographs. Diagnosis is based on clinical and radiographic evaluation, confirmed by bone biopsy and genetic testing. Treatment depends on the symptoms and severity of the disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach.