Blood transfusion trends in obstetrics and gynaecology: an Uttar Pradesh government medical college-based study

Background: Blood transfusion holds utmost importance in comprehensive obstetric care and Gynaecology. The present study has been done to evaluate the indications of blood transfusion in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department. Methods: The retrospective observational study was conducted between April 2023 to April 2024 in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Saharanpur. Results: A total of 257 units of Blood was transfused between April 2023 to April 2024 in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department. 60.6% transfusion were in age group 21-30 years. 48.26% transfusion were in hemoglobin 7-9 gm/dl. Most common blood group transfused was B positive 40.79% and 85.2% transfusion were packed red blood cell, 84.07% had single unit blood transfusion, 57.25% had transfusion for anemia in pregnancy, 36.84% transfusion were for abnormal uterine bleeding. Conclusions: Prevalence of anemia in reproductive age group is an important reason for blood transfusion in obstetrics and gynaecology. Hence emphasis should be to treat anemia through drugs to reduce unnecessary transfusion especially single unit transfusion.

Community based household data collection in a post pandemic world-challenges and way forward

The COVID pandemic has instilled fear in the community creating challenges for household data collection. A community-based household survey was planned to assess knowledge and perception about air pollution caused by vehicular traffic and related ailments among residents of Delhi along with willingness to accept (WTA)/willingness to pay (WTP) discount/premium to discontinue/continue the use of private vehicles for their daily office commute. Access into households was difficult due to heightened sensitivity in post COVID situation. Respondents were not available during working hours. Researchers reached out to participants at workplaces, community events, during weekends or after office hours. Safety of researchers due to odd working hours was a concern. Researchers in post-pandemic world need to plan for multiple modes to access participants. Timelines of the data collection phase need to be sensitive for higher proportion of refusals and necessary permissions. Higher investments in effective communication skills are necessary.

Sheehan’s syndrome of a 50 years old female with bipolar disorder: a case report

Empty Sella syndrome (ESS) pertains to a phenomenon in which the Turkish sale seems through radiography to be larger and perhaps partially or entirely filled with brain fluids. It can be major illness/ develop as a result of pituitary medical procedures, radiation therapy cerebral infarction/bleeding process. A 50 years old female patient was admitted in emergency medicine ward with chief complaint of pain in abdomen, weakness and vomiting. MRI scan of pituitary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal intensity is seen in Sella with no visible anterior pituitary gland tissue noted-likely suggestive of secondary empty Sella (SES). Long-term steroid use is principal therapy for adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (IAD). In this instance, ESS, which can be primary/secondary, also noticed.

Efficacy of Ayurved based therapy on global longitudinal strain in ischemic heart disease: a retrospective analysis

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the Ischemia Reversal program (IRP) as an Ayurveda based therapy to standard anti-ischemic therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods: A retrospective, single centre, observational study was conducted from January 2022 to May 2023. A total of 39 patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease and global longitudinal strain (GLS) <15, regardless of underlying co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, low ejection fraction, history of myocardial infarction were included in this study. The primary endpoint was improvement in GLS from baseline to the 90-day follow-up in various different categories. Secondary endpoints were improvement in EF, abdominal girth, weight and reduction in dependency on allopathic medication from baseline to the 90-day follow-up. Results: The mean age of the study population was 59.23±9.01 years. Weight (day 1: 67.29±13.16 kg and day 90: 61.39±11.11 kg; p=0.00), body mass index (day 1: 25.75±4.03 and day 90: 23.79±3.50; p=0.00), abdominal girth (day 1: 95.31±10.75 cm and day 90: 85.67±17.02 cm p=0.00), EF (day 1: 40.74±10.30% and day 90: 53.91±11.87%; p=0.00), and GLS (day 1: -10.99±2.72 and day 90: -13.17±3.75; p=0.00) improved at the 90 day follow-up. Conclusions: The study showed notable improvements in weight, body mass index, abdominal girth, EF, and GLS after 90 days. These results suggest that IRP is beneficial treatment for IHD, but more extensive research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Targeted hand hygiene audits and training: an effective tool for improvement in hand hygiene compliance

Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is the simplest, but most effective infection prevention and control measure. This study was aimed to determine HH compliance among health care workers (HCWs) in a cancer hospital and the impact of targeted and phased training over changes in HH compliance and determination of Hawthorne effect among HCWs. Methods: Prospective observational study conducted in two phases by HH trained auditor (Overt observer) and ICN (Covert observer) performing 30 minutes HH audit at ICU, haemato-lymphoid (HL) ward and paediatric ward to observe the pattern of HH compliance among HCW for HH moments and its impact over Hawthorne effect for HH compliance. Results: Highest compliance for HH was observed at HL ward (59.34%) in first phase and at ICU (70.08%) in second phase. Gradual and significant improvement in HH compliance was observed for ICU (52.24% to 70.08%), HL ward (59.34% to 68.48%) and paediatric ward (43.42% to 53.46%). Profession specific Hawthorne effect was observed for nurses with higher compliance in covert observation in first phase and for doctors with higher compliance in overt observation in second phase of the study. Conclusions: Regular targeted HH audit with motivational training is the better influential tool for improving HH compliance. Regular audits also improve efficiency of auditor for effective HH compliance supervision. Decentralization and availability of workstation specific HH auditor is the most of effective cost saving approach for achieving significant progressive improvement in HH adherence.

The nursing strategies for preventing post-percutaneous coronary intervention hematomas: a review

Post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) hematomas pose significant risks for patients and can lead to severe morbidity and mortality if left unaddressed. Nurses play a vital role in preventing these complications, emphasizing the importance of their understanding and implementation of nursing strategies and interventions. This comprehensive review investigates the various nursing strategies and interventions aimed at mitigating the risk of post-PCI hematomas and improving patient outcomes. A systematic search across multiple medical databases and scholarly sources yielded data on preventive measures and treatment options for post-PCI hematomas. The review underscores the significance of nursing interventions, including patient education, pressure dressings, careful hemostasis, and medication management, in reducing the occurrence of hematomas. It also highlights the potential complications associated with post-PCI hematomas, emphasizing the necessity of timely intervention and patient education to minimize the risk. The review emphasizes the critical role of nurses in the prevention and management of post-PCI hematomas and provides insights for future research and quality improvement initiatives. Overall, the review serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, offering a comprehensive understanding of nursing interventions and guidelines to enhance patient safety and minimize the incidence of post-PCI hematomas.

Assessing the Influence of Nano Urea on the Growth and Yield of Irrigated Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's most essential cereal crops, serving as a staple food for a significant portion of the global population. In the pursuit of achieving higher yields in contemporary agriculture, the use of chemical fertilizers poses an increased environmental risk. However, the application of Nano urea offers a potential solution to mitigate this risk to a certain extent. To address this objective, a field experiment was conducted during the Rabi seasons of 2022-2023 at the A trial was executed in the rural area of Kanpur district of Mandhana, located 10 km from Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, during the Rabi season of 2022-23. The experimental design involved two main factors: Factor-1 Nitrogen (at 50%, 75%, and 100% levels) and Factor-2 Foliar Spray (at one time Nano urea and two time Nano urea, with 4 ml/l). A control group was included, and the experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 13 treatments in three replications. The results indicated that the combination of 100% nitrogen along with a foliar spray of 4 ml/L Nano urea had a significant positive impact on growth, yield, and various yield parameters. Treatment 6 demonstrated the highest values for plant height (95.66 cm), Dry matter accumulation (1014.09 g m-2), number of tillers m-2 (417.44), Leaf area index at 90 DAS (4.85), effective ear head per (m-2) (282.66), grains per ear head (65.75), test weight (48.52 g), grain yield (46.15 quintals/ha), and straw yield (57.92 quintals/ha). The study's results demonstrated a generally positive effect of combined Nano urea with traditional NPK nutrient supply on the growth and yield parameters of wheat in irrigated conditions.

Effects of Planting Method and a Combination of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen on Maize (Zea mays) Growth

Two lead treatments (flatbed and raised bed) and five nitrogen treatments (100 percent inorganic source, 100% farm yard manure, 50% inorganic source + 50% by farm yard manure, 75% inorganic source + 25% by farm yard manure, and 100% inorganic source + 25% by farm yard manure) were used in the triplicate study, which was conducted using a split plot design. The samples were analyzed 25, 50, and 75 days after sowing. The administration of treatment T3 (50% IO + 50% FYM) produced the tallest number of plants, as well as the most leaves per plant, weight per plant, and dry weight per plant, according to the results. On the shortest day, 50% tasseling was noted; nevertheless, this occurred with T1 (100% IO) application. Therefore, the combination of organic nitrogen sources with inorganic nitrogen sources in T3 (50% Inorganic + 50% Farm yard manure) with litter improved the performance of maize. It is recommended to use beds with 50% Inorganic + 50% Farm yard manure for crop growth.

Effect of Irrigation Scheduling and Different Sowing Dates on Water Productivity and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“Effect of moisture regime under different sowing dates of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)” was investigated at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya (U.P.) Agronomy Research Farm in rabi season 2021-22. Twelve main plot treatments included 15th November, 25th November, and 5th December sowing dates, while four sub plot treatments included irrigation at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 IW/CPE ratios. Split plot design was used for three replications. Under 15th November sowing, all growth, yield, and characteristics rose dramatically. Irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio increased wheat shoot m-2, plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m-2), yield characteristics, grain and straw yield (q ha-1) considerably. D113 (15 November planting with irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio) had the best net return and D1I2 (15 November sowing with irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE proportion) the highest B:C ratio (2.54). Wheat yields were highest when sown on November 15. Under 15th November planting, water use efficiency was highest (9.85 kg ha-1mm-1). Irrigation with 1.0 IW/CPE ratio had the maximum water usage efficiency (9.34 kg ha-1 mm-1). The 15 November seeding with irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio yielded the highest net return (1,17,124.00), making wheat farming profitable. Maximum B:C ratio (2.54) with I1D2 therapy.

Effect of Hydrogel on Physico- Chemical and Microbiota Properties of Potting Media for Roof Top Cultivation of Ridge Gourd

The present study was conducted to evaluate the physico-chemical and microbiota properties of growing media containing hydrogel, sand, cocopeat, vermiculite, perlite and vemicompost for cultivation of ridge gourd on rooftop. The result of study revealed that rowing media GM5 (Sand + vermicompost + hydrogel + cocopeat + vermiculite and perlite with the ratio of 3: 2.5: 2: 2: 0.5 showed significant effect on Physical properties of the growing media EC (1.85 dS m-1), pH (5.03), total organic carbon (0.843%), physical properties of the growing media bulk density (0.425g cm-3), total porosity (51%) and maximum level of water holding capacity (66.76 mm). Similarly, bacteria population (72.76 (x 106cfu g-1), 77.44(x 106cfu g-1), fungus population (40.56cfu, 44.56cfu) and actinomycetes population (77.44(x 104cfu g-1), 77.44(x 104cfu g-1) at 75th day and 150th day was significantly highest in GM5 sand + vermicompost + hydrogel + cocopeat + vermiculite and perlite (3: 2.5: 2: 2: 0.5) respectively as compared to control. The obtained results claim that sand + vermicompost + hydrogel + cocopeat + vermiculite and perlite act as bio stimulant to nutrient.

Parthenium hysterophorus L.: An Overview of Management and Beneficial Aspects

The poisonous and invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus L., also referred to as "famine weed" or "congress grass," is highly dangerous for human health, agriculture, and biodiversity. This plant is well known for its aggressive growth and allelopathic qualities, which prevent natural vegetation and good crops from growing. An overview of the benefits and treatment of Parthenium hysterophorus is given in this abstract. Many techniques, including mechanical removal, chemical herbicides, biological control agents, and cultural practices, are used to combat this weed. To successfully control its spread, integrated techniques are frequently advised. Parthenium hysterophorus has drawbacks, yet it also has some positive qualities. It has therapeutic qualities, and research indicates that it may be used in phytoremediation and the synthesis of biofuel. The main goal is to draw attention to how critical it is to manage Parthenium hysterophorus properly while investigating its possible benefits, underscoring the necessity of long-term, all-encompassing solutions to deal with this environmental threat.

Virulence of Native Isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Western Uttar Pradesh, India

The Chickpea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a destructive pest of chickpeas that has proven difficult to control using conventional methods. We isolate and evaluate the virulence of five isolates of M. anisopliae against larvae of H. armigera. All isolates of M. anisopliae, SVPUAT 1, SVPUAT 2, SVPUAT 3, SVPUAT 4 and SVPUAT 5 were most effective against second instar, H. armigera at 2 ×108 conidia/ml. Among the all isolates, SVPUAT 1 Accession no. ON183248 had the highest virulence 100 percent mortality; whereas, LT50 and LT90 were 3.16 and 5.16 days.

Carryover Effect of Green Manure, FYM and N-Fertilization on the Succeeding Wheat in Rice-wheat Cropping System

The present study was carried out Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Gurdaspur, Punjab (India) during 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with three factors. Main plots contain three organic fertilizers treatments, sub plot contains three nitrogen levels and sub-sub plots contain three nitrogen application stage. Plant height of succeeding wheat crop grown after basmati rice was affected non-significantly by organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers applied to basmati rice during both the years. The number of tillers and dry matter accumulation significant affected during both the years. Greater values were obtained with FYM application @ 15 t ha-1 which was significantly similar to green manuring but significantly higher than control during both the years. The various nitrogen doses and nitrogen application stages failed to significantly influence number of tillers and dry matter accumulation of succeeding wheat crop. In case of number of effective tillers and grains per spike, the maximum values were obtained with FYM. It was at par with green manuring but significantly higher than. The nitrogen doses and nitrogen application stages had non-significant effect on both these parameters. The organic fertilizers had statistical significant effect on straw and grain yield of wheat crop. The highest straw and grain yields were obtained with application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 which was significantly higher than control but statistically at par with green manuring during both the years. The harvest index was non-significant for all the treatments. The total NPK uptake in wheat was significantly affected by the organic fertilizers. Highest uptake of NPK in grain and straw was observed with FYM application which was at par with green manuring but significantly higher than control during both the years.

Effect of Nano Urea and Foliar Spray of Urea on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

In pursuit of high yield today’s agriculture cultivars put the environment at greater risk by the inputs of chemical fertilizers. Using Nano urea we can minimize the inputs damage upto a certain extent. With this objective, field experiment was carried out during Rabi seasons of 2022-2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh on topic “Effect of nano urea and foliar spray of urea on growth and yield of wheat”. The treatment include two factors, Factor- 1 Nitrogen (50 %, 75%, 100%) and Factor- 2 Foliar Spray (2ml/L nano urea, 4 ml/L nano urea, 2% urea) and one control was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and three replications. Result revealed that 100% nitrogen along with foliar spray of 4ml/L nano urea recorded significant effect on Growth, yield and yield parameters. Treatment 6 recorded maximum plant height (101.62 cm), dry weight (21.95 g) number of tillers/running row (85.02), number of effective tillers/m2 (340.08), number of grains/spike (54.16), test weight (48.52 g), grain yield (6.30 t/ha) and straw yield (7.98 t/ha).

Revolutionary Role of Trichoderma in Sustainable Plant Health Management: A Review

The use of chemical pesticides in agricultural practices has led to significant concerns related to health and the environment in the last few decades. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in finding alternative approaches for controlling pests and diseases that are effective and environmentally friendly. Among these alternatives, Trichoderma harzianum has gained attention due to its remarkable ability to combat various crop pathogens in sustainable form. Biocontrol agents have gained prominence as eco-friendly substitutes for conventional chemical pesticides in disease management and crop improvement. T. harzianum, a common filamentous fungus, has emerged as a promising biocontrol agent due to its multifaceted strategies for suppressing diseases and promoting crop growth. T. harzianum fosters plant growth by aiding nutrient absorption, improving soil structure, and generating growth-promoting substances like auxins and cytokinins. Field studies have substantiated the efficacy of T. harzianum in managing a wide array of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and nematodes whether used as a seed treatment, soil application, or foliar spray, T. harzianum establishes a beneficial presence early in the plant's life cycle, providing enduring protection. In conclusion, T. harzianum holds immense potential as a biocontrol agent to sustainably safeguard crops. Trichoderma species play a pivotal role in managing plant diseases due to their versatile mechanisms. As global agriculture seeks alternatives to chemical pesticides, leveraging T. harzianum 's potential offers a valuable avenue toward resilient and environmentally safe crop production.

Real-Time Sprinkler Irrigation (RTSI) Scheduling for Improving Wheat Crop Water Productivity in Vertisols

An experiment was conducted at ICAR- Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering (CIAE) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, during the rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 with the objectives of to study improved irrigation scheduling for enhancing water productivity of wheat crops in Vertisols. The experiment involved permanent raised bed cultivation in Vertisols and was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two planting systems (elevated bed and flatbed) replicated three times. The elevated bed levels were set as 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm. Soil moisture was continuously monitored using a real-time sensor network sprinkler irrigation, during crop growth period. Field data on soil moisture, crop performance, and yield were regularly recorded at different crop growth stages. The results indicated that both conventional sprinkler irrigation and real-time moisture sensor-based sprinkler irrigation led to substantial water savings of 27 and 35%, respectively with corresponding yield increase of 9 and 15% when compared to gravity (flood) irrigation, showing their effectiveness. Soil moisture variability study revealed that average soil moisture levels significantly varied when bed elevation was 10 cm or more, as compared to control (bed with normal field level) in different crop physiological stages. This variation occurred under sprinkler irrigation in Vertisols for recommended irrigation water depth. Under recommended irrigation water application through sprinkler, the wheat crop yield increased for elevation variations up to 10 cm bed elevation and the yield reduced significantly for more than 15 cm bed elevation. For sprinkler irrigation, the developed irrigation water application prescriptions (water depth/irrigation) include 400 mm irrigation depth (ID) for bed of 0 cm elevation, 476 mm ID for bed of 20 cm elevation and 552 mm ID for 30 cm bed elevation to sustain the wheat crop yield under soil moisture variability in Vertisols.

Genetic Variability in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.): A Review

The estimation of variability parameters, particularly heritability and genetic gain, holds significant importance in assessing the potential for character improvement through selection. It is observed that selection based on highly heritable traits tends to yield more successful outcomes. Hence, the utilization of heritability, in conjunction with other measures of variability, enables the prediction of gains under specific selection intensities. Additionally, the concept of predicted genetic gain provides insight into the degree of change achievable in a trait through simple selection. However, the process of selecting for features related to yield and quality can be enhanced by having access to information regarding the correlation between these traits. This can be further improved by doing a path coefficient analysis to gain a deeper knowledge of the relationship between the important characteristics. In order to enhance the traits that did not exhibit a favorable response to selection, it becomes necessary to divide the non-additive component of genetic variance through the process of hybridization, which can be accomplished by conducting genetic divergence studies.

A Review on Protected Cultivation of Vegetables: Opportunities and Challenges

Protected farming techniques are set of agricultural practices that are designed to produce a plant in a controlled environmental condition by using soil cover and / or crop covers to control pests and effect of climate. While a protected farming method can increase the productivity of vegetable crops as well as growth and yield. It is evident that protected farming has been found beneficial for farmers. In addition to its great importance, it challenges many biotic and abiotic factors such as photo-stress, water stress, heat stress, weed growth, soil nutrient deficiencies, high wind velocities and atmospheric carbon dioxide, pest and diseases. The various benefits of a protected vegetable crop are quality, profitability, and a good level of marketing for farmers. Protected cultivation is an imminent technique for raising vegetables, flowers and other high rated as well as consumable crops. In advance agriculture, protected structures held an excessive potential for more production with greater productivity. The chapter contains the status, challenges and opportunities of protected cultivation and related government schemes for horticultural plants in India especially Uttar Pradesh. It has been found that the cumulative area has been acquired under NHM-protected cultivation in India. Financial support or funding is also provided by the government agency to spread this methodology throughout the country. Recourses are used wisely in these structures because modern methods/techniques were applied.

Response of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nitrogen Application in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop

An experiment conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Shri Durga Ji Post Graduate College, Chandeshwar, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh during winter session of 2019-20. Among the initial plant population per square meter was not influenced significantly due to various treatments. All the growth characters viz. plant height (cm), no. of shoots per meter row length and accumulation of dry matter, increased significantly at all the stages of crop growth with the application of 100% nitrogen through inorganic source except 30 DAS regarding to number of shoots.

Morphological and Biochemical Changes in Moth Bean during Drought Stress

The current investigation on the repercussions of drought stress on the growth parameters of the Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) has been carried out in a semi-field condition. Two sets of local moth bean cultivars (RMO-40: fifteen in each) were prepared, and one was subjected to terminal drought stress. The rest was maintained with proper watering as a control set. The treated plants were thoroughly evaluated based on leaf length, root length, and relative leaf water content in comparison with the control ones. The findings of this study reveal a significant impact of drought stress on moth bean's growth and physiological performance. Under drought conditions, treated plants exhibited considerable reductions in leaf length and root length compared to their well-watered counterparts. Additionally, the relative leaf water content declined under drought stress, indicating decreased water uptake and retention within the plants under stress. These outcomes underscore the vulnerability of moth bean to drought stress, emphasizing the urgency of developing efficient water management strategies and drought-resistant varieties to safeguard food security in regions where this legume serves as a staple crop. This research highlights the importance of understanding the adverse effects of drought stress on moth bean's growth parameters for sustainable agriculture and food production.