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Introduction: The Study of dimensions of head and neck of femur is important for making of appropriate prosthesis in hip replacement surgery. Different size of dimensions of head and neck of femur can affect the hip joint movement. The dimensions of head and neck of femur is varies according to age, race, heredity, ethnicity and geographical factor. Length of femur and stature of an individual can be determined even if only a fragment of proximal end of femur is available. Objective: To determine the functional implication of variation in dimension of head and neck of femur, which may be helpful for orthopaedic surgeons and forensic experts. Materials and Methods: Fifty human femur bones (25 of each side) were used for the study. Measurement of dimensions of head and neck of femur was done to know the average length of femur, vertical and transverse diameter of head, head circumference, anterior and posterior neck length and neck shaft angle of femur. All the measurement were taken with the help of Osteometric board, Circumference measuring tape, Digital vernier calliper and Goniometer. Results: The following mean values of dimensions of total 50 bones: Length of femur were 435.1±26.0 mm.Vertical and Transverse diameter of head of femur were 40.97±3.46 mm and 41.74 ± 2.76 mm respectively. Head circumference were 133.25±11.57 mm. Anterior and Posterior Neck length were 29.75±5.30 mm and 35.03±4.87 mm respectively. Neck shaft angle were 125.96±6.10 degree . Conclusion: Appropriate prosthesis for orthopaedic surgeries can be designed from the result of this study.
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Background: Clavicle is a curved modified long bone placed horizontally at the root of neck. It transmits theweight of upper limb to the axial skeleton. The aim of this study is to determine position, number, and directionof nutrient foramen.Material method: The present study was conducted on 50 (25 right and 25 left) dried clavicles, in the departmentof Anatomy, Forensic medicine, Narayan Medical College, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar.Result: The nutrient foramen was present in all the clavicles. One nutrient foramen was present in 70%, two in24% and three in 6% of clavicles. Predominant position of nutrient foramen was on the posterior surface(55.88%) and predominant location was in the middle one third (70.58%) of clavicles. Direction of all the nutrientforamina were towards the acromial end.Conclusion: The study of number, position, location and direction of nutrient foramina of clavicles are useful topreserve the arterial supply during surgical procedure like internal fixation and vascularised bone graft.KEY WORDS: Clavicle, nutrient foramen, foramen index, acromial end, sternal end, vascularised bone graft
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Background: The humerus has upper end, lower end and a cylindrical shaft. In absence of cranium, pelvis andlong bones of lower limbs, estimation of living stature can be assessed by long bones such as humerus, radiusand ulna. We can also find out the total length of humerus by its fragments. Morphometry of distal end ofhumerus is also important for determination of sex.Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 60 dry humerus of unknown age and sex collectedfrom department of anatomy of Narayan Medical College and also from other medical colleges of Bihar. 6different parameters were taken from this study.Result: Total 60 humerus were included in this study, out of which 30 were right and 30 were left. Mean maximumlength of humerus were 307.58±8.46 mm. Mean transverse and vertical diameter of head of humerus were39.06±1.26 mm and 41.43±1.02 mm respectively. Mean distance between proximal & distal edge of olecranonfossa were 18.39±0.93 mm. Mean distance between distal edge of olecranon fossa & trochlea 15.00±0.82 mm.Mean distance between proximal edge of olecranon fossa & distal edge of trochlea were 33.39±1.32 mm.Conclusion: The knowledge of Morphometric segments of Humerus is important to establish the length of humerus,stature, age and sex of individual and it is important for anatomists, forensic experts, archeologists. It is alsohelpful for orthopaedic surgeons in proximal and distal fracture of humerus and its reconstructive surgery forvarious implants