Clinical evaluation of sibutramine in obese type 2 diabetic patients refractory to dietary management.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: An open, non-comparative study was carried out to assess the efficacy and toleration profile of sibutramine, a new antiobesity drug, in promoting weight loss in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus subject who failed to reduce weight after strict dietary control. Twenty seven patients completed the study. Sibutramine was started as a single morning dose of 10 mg and was subsequently increased to 15 mg daily if weight loss was not satisfactory. The total duration of the study was twelve weeks with followup at every four weeks. Effect of drug was monitored in terms of weight reduction, changes in body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio and other metabolic parameters. A fixed dietary prescription and concomitant therapy with drugs, if required and not likely to interfere with the trial therapy, was permitted but was not changed during the study period. RESULTS: At the end of 12 week, mean weight reduction in study subjects was 4.16 kg (p < 0.001), the corresponding BMI decreased by 1.6 (p < 0.0001) and hip circumference by 3.68 (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant change in fasting blood glucose and Hb(A1c) values. CONCLUSION: The study indicates sibutramine to be an effective and well tolerated agent leading to significant reduction in parameter of obesity in obese type 2 diabetic subjects.

Clinical profile of AIDS: a study at a referral hospital.

The present study describes the clinical and epidemiological features of 74 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who presented to a referral hospital. Sixty two patients (83.7%) were diagnosed to have acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Mean age of the patients was 34.9 +/- 12 years and male to female ratio was 3:1. Majority of patients (80%) were from lower socio-economic class. Multiple unprotected heterosexual contact with commercial sex workers in metropolitan cities of India, mainly Mumbai, was major risk factor in 82.1% male patients while most of the females (66.6%) had acquired infection from HIV positive husbands. Blood transfusion was the risk factor in 9(12.1%) patients. Sixty eight patients were infected with HIV 1, one with HIV 2, and five patients with both HIV 1 and HIV 2. Fever and weight loss were the commonest presenting symptoms. Tuberculosis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, and interstitial pneumonitis were present in 54.8%, 40.3% and 20.9% patients, respectively. Fourteen patients (22.5%) had generalised lymphadenopathy. Herpes zoster, cryptococcal meningitis, and peripheral neuropathy were infrequent. Response to standard antifungal and antitubercular treatment was satisfactory. Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and CNS toxoplasmosis were not found. The clinical manifestations of AIDS patients are strikingly different from that in the Western countries. It, thus, necessitates setting up of different guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and management of AIDS in India.

Development of indicators for cephamycin bioassay.

Several species of bacteria have been tested, for their sensitivity to cephamycin C and other beta-lactam antibiotics with a view to develop an indicator system for identification and quantitation of cephamycin. During the study, a mutant derived from E. coli K 802, exhibited a 10-fold increased sensitivity to cephamycin C than E. coli ESS (reference strain)1,2 and was designated as supersensitive E. coli K 8025. Another interesting feature observed during the investigation was that a strain of Serratia, showed a high degree of resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins however, it was sensitive to cephamycin and its derivative. It has been suggested that E. coli K 8025 and Serratia would serve as good indicator organisms for detection and quantitation of cephamycin.

Evaluation of filarial skin test with Brugia malayi larval antigen in the field.

To obtain comparable and reproducible results by filaria skin test with B. malayi larval antigen, standard procedure has been evolved. Antigen protein of 2 micrograms per test, injected intracutaneously, was found optimum for positive skin reaction. The reaction ratio based on increase of wheal area by 2 times or more was found to be statistically significant for interpreting positive results. However, in larger field trials, the simpler measurement of increase of wheal diameter by 1 1/2 times or more was found to be equally reliable. Patients treated with diethylcarbamazine citrate, antihistaminics and anti-inflammatory drugs are likely to be unresponsive to filarial antigen and will yield incorrect information.