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Sensory modalities are important for survival but the molecular mechanisms remain challenging due to the polymodal functionality of sensory neurons. Here, we report the C. elegans outer labial lateral (OLL) sensilla sensory neurons respond to touch and cold. Mechanosensation of OLL neurons resulted in cell-autonomous mechanically-evoked Ca
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Downstaging of breast cancer primary lesions and metastatic axillary lymph nodes among patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has raised the new challenges and opportunities on individualized breast cancer surgical treatment. Downstaging of the primary lesion has given patients that were previously deemed inoperable or not suitable for surgery a second chance. While downstaging of the lymph nodes has made it possible for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) to safely replace axillary lymph node dissection. However, the detection rate and false negative rate of early breast cancer SLNB technique in post-NAC patients barely meet the standard of clinical practice. Therefore, it is required that SLNB in post-NAC patients to be carried out by a medical team with advanced imaging equipments and extensive experiences in SLNB. Furthermore, they should be able to precisely evaluate axillary lymph node status before and after NAC as well as mark metastatic lymph node before NAC. Indications of SLNB should be restricted to patients that are downstaged from cN0 to ycN0 or from cN1 to ycN0. Particularly, it is only safe for patients whose axillary lymph node status become negative after NAC to receive SLNB when dual tracer (blue dye and radionuclide), removing more than 2 sentinel lymph nodes and targeted axillary dissection technique are used.
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Objective To investigate the effect of tacrolimus on the function of islet beta cells in mature SD rats.Methods 72 Healthy SD rats were divided into 4 groups by random number table:High dose group (group H),middle dose group (group M),low dose group (group L) and control group,18 for each group.Measured body weight every 3 days and monitored fasting blood glucose every month.Fasting serum insulin levels (FINS) was determined by enzyme-linked immunoasaay (ELISA) after 1 month and 4 months later.The histological structure of islets were observed by HE staining.Results The clinical symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria in rats after 4 months in group H and M group tacrolimus irrigation group were presented,and the weight growth rate was lower than earlier;There was no significant change in blood glucose within one month of each group,as the duration of drug administration was extended,the blood glucose levels of the experimental groups gradually increased significantly and were positively correlated with the concentration;In the early stage of insulin level,the insulin secretion was negatively correlated with the concentration of tacrolimus;After 1 month,HE staining the pancreatic structure was clear and the islet structure was intact,After 4 months,the pancreatic tissue structure of H and M group was destroyed.Conclusion The short-term use of tacrolimus will not cause damage to the function of beta cells of the islet,but long-term use may gradually lead to the damage of beta cell function,and these changes are closely related to the concentration of tacrolimus.
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Complex surgeries often need multi-disciplinary surgeons to work collaboratively and set synthesized operation plans. Aided by collaboration enabled three dimensional visualization software over network, operation plans can be made more intuitively and accurately. Because different disciplinary surgeons often work at different locations, a distributed collaboration virtue environment over network should be provided. By our knowledge, such a system does not exist yet. Toward this, we implement a platform upon Client/Server architecture over network. The 3D model is reconstructed from CT image data of DICOM format and the resulting mesh is then simplified, using the Visualization Toolkit (VTK). The simplified polygon mesh data is further seamlessly integrated into our 3D graphics system developed with the HOOPS/3DAF for displaying, where the model is converted to the lossless compression stream file format-HSF, which is suited for network transmission. Using this format, a collaboration enabled interactive visualization system is implemented upon Client/Server architecture, developed with HOOPS/NET toolkit. The reconstructed 3D model is clear, and the interactive collaboration with 3D visualization is fairly real-time. We then implemented a platform for developing collaborative surgery simulation software, into which the surgery operation simulation and prosthesis design function can be easily added.