Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Under Conservative Treatment

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is commonly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These diseases have a significant impact on life expectancy. Individuals with CKD are more likely to die from CVD than to progress to end-stage kidney disease. Objective To assess cardiovascular risk factors of patients with CKD under conservative treatment. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Socioeconomic, anthropometric, biochemical, and physical inactivity data were assessed, and 10-year risk for CVD were estimated using the Framingham Score in patients with CKD under conservative treatment. For statistical analysis, the Student's t-test and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. Results A total of 172 individuals were evaluated, 57% of whom were male, with an average age of 68.85 ± 11.41 years. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes were 87.2% and 53.5%, respectively; 62.2% were physically inactive; 9.9% of men were smokers and 12.8% consumed alcohol. According to BMI, 82.4% of adults <60 years old and 60.6% of those older than 60 years were overweight. High waist circumference and a high waist-hip ratio were highly prevalent in females (91.9% and 83.8%, respectively) and males (64.3% and 39.8%, respectively); 92.4% had a high body fat percentage and 73.3% high uric acid levels. According to the Framingham score, 57% have a medium or high risk of developing CVD in 10 years. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the population studied. The assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD makes it possible to guide the conduct of health professionals to prevent mortality from cardiovascular causes. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0

Thumb adductor muscle thickness used in the nutritional assessment of chronic kidney disease patients under conservative treatment / Espessura do músculo adutor do polegar para avaliação nutricional de portadores de doença renal crônica em tratamento conservador

Abstract Introduction: Evaluate the association between the thumb adductor muscle thickness and the patient's nutritional status, and propose cutoff points for muscle mass depletion in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) under conservative treatment. Epidemiological and cross-sectional study, including patients with CKD stages 3 to 5, older than 60 years. Socioeconomic, clinical, physical activity and anthropometric data was obtained. TAMT was described and compared according to CKD stage, socioeconomic data, physical activity, nutritional status and correlated with age, glomerular filtration rate and anthropometric variables. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were produced, considering the lean tissue index classification as reference. The cut-off point was defined by the Youden index. Results: We evaluated 137 individuals. The TAMT was lower in malnourished and/or depleted muscle mass individuals; among males it was higher among those who practiced physical activities (p <0.05). This measure was moderately correlated with BMI, calf and brachial circumferences, lean body tissue, lean tissue index and body cell mass (r <0.7); negatively with age (r = -0.34). The ROC curve analysis determined cut points of 15.33 mm for females and 20.33 mm for males, with 72.22% and 62.50% accuracy, respectively. Conclusion: TAMT is used to estimate muscle mass and we suggest the cutoff point is useful to rule out the likelihood of muscle mass depletion. It is recommended that it be used in a complementary way in nutritional assessment.

Resumo Introdução: Avaliar a associação da espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (EMAP) com o estado nutricional e propor pontos de corte para depleção de massa muscular em idosos portadores da doença renal crônica (DRC) em tratamento conservador. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico, delineamento transversal, incluindo portadores de DRC estágios 3 a 5, acima de 60 anos. Obteve-se dados socioeconômicos, clínicos, prática de atividade física e antropométricos. A EMAP foi descrita e comparada de acordo com o estágio da DRC, dados socioeconômicos, atividade física e estado nutricional e correlacionada com idade, taxa de filtração glomerular e variáveis antropométricas. Foram produzidas curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), considerando como padrão de referência a classificação do índice de tecido magro. O ponto de corte foi definido pelo índice Youden. Resultados: Avaliou-se 137 indivíduos. A EMAP foi inferior nos desnutridos e/ou com depleção de massa muscular; no sexo masculino foi superior nos praticantes de atividade física (p<0,05). A medida se correlacionou moderadamente com IMC, circunferência da panturrilha e braquial, tecido de massa magra, índice de tecido magro e massa celular corporal (r<0,7), e negativamente com a idade (r=-0,34). A análise da curva ROC determinou pontos de corte de 15,33 mm para o sexo feminino e 20,33 mm para o masculino, com acurácia de 72,22% e 62,50%, respectivamente. Conclusão: A EMAP serve para estimar a massa muscular, e o ponto de corte sugerido é útil para afastar a probabilidade de depleção de massa muscular. Recomenda-se que seja utilizada de forma complementar na avaliação nutricional.

Controle glicêmico e aspectos nutricionais de adultos e idosos diabéticos em um centro de atenção a doenças crônicas de Juiz de Fora (MG) / Glycemic control and nutritional aspects of adults and elderly diabetics ina care center of attention to chronic from diseases Juiz de Fora(MG)

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o perfil socioeconômico, dados antropométricos, controle glicêmico e o consumo alimentar de diabéticos atendidos em um centro de atenção secundária à saúde. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, do tipo transversal, retrospectivo, realizado por meio da análise de prontuários eletrônicos de usuários portadores de Diabetes Mellitus. Foram incluídos usuários diabéticos, com idade acima de 18 anos, atendidos de julho a dezembro de 2014, que apresentavam resultado de hemoglobina glicada nos prontuários. A avaliação do consumo de alimentos foi realizada pelo recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Foram avaliados 266 prontuários, que demonstraram maior frequência de idosos e indivíduos do sexo feminino. A única variável que apresentou associação negativa com controle glicêmico foi a idade, uma vez que os idosos apresentaram melhor controle (41,5%) do que os adultos (19,1%), o que pode ser justificado pelo maior tempo livre para frequentar os serviços de saúde. Foi avaliado qualitativamente o recordatório alimentar de 99 indivíduos, dos quais 68 usuários consumiam entre 20 a 50% de alimentos processados e ultra processados e 35 usuários consumiam doces e açúcares, o que pode prejudicar o controle glicêmico e o estado nutricional. Tal consumo de doces e açúcares levanta a necessidade de verificar a não aderência desses pacientes. Um estudo longitudinal, poderia elucidar mais informações sobre o acompanhamento dos diabéticos, bem como o desenvolvimento de intervenções nutricionais que melhorem a aderência e o tratamento desses usuários.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the socio-economic profile, anthropometric data, glycemic control and food consumption of diabetic treated at a center of secondary health care. This is an observational study, cross-sectional, retrospective conducted by means of analysis of the electronic medical records of patients with Diabetes Mellitus. It was included in diabetic patients, over 18 years old, which were attended from July to December 2014 that presented glycated hemoglobin results in their medical records. The evaluation of food consumption was conducted by the 24-hour food recall. We evaluated 266 medical records that demonstrated higher frequency of elderly and women users. The only variable that presented the negative association with glycemic control was the age, once the elderly showed better control (41.5%) than adults (19.1%), which can be justified by the bigger free time to search health services. We evaluate qualitatively the 24-hour recall of 99 individuals, of which 68 users consumed between 20 and 50% of processed foods and ultra-processed, and 35 users consumed candies and sugars, which could affect glycemic control and nutritional status. Such consumption of candies and sugars, suggesting the need to verify the nonadherence of these patients. A longitudinal study could elucidate more information on the monitoring of diabetics, as well as the development of nutritional interventions to improve adherence and treatment of these users.