RESUMEN
Resumo O raciocínio clínico nasceu 2500 anos atrás com Hipócrates, tendo evoluído ao longo dos séculos, e se tornado uma mistura de arte e ciência. Várias personalidades ao longo da história contribuíram para melhorar a acurácia diagnóstica. Contudo, o erro diagnóstico é ainda comum e causa um grande impacto nos sistemas de saúde. Para lidar com esse desafio, vários modelos de raciocínio clínico surgiram para sistematizar o processo de pensamento clínico. Este artigo descreve a história do raciocínio clínico e os métodos atuais de raciocínio diagnóstico, propõe um novo modelo de raciocínio clínico chamado Raciocínio Integrativo, e traz perspectivas sobre o futuro do raciocínio clínico.
Abstract Clinical reasoning was born 2,500 years ago with Hippocrates, having evolved over the centuries, becoming a mixture of art and science. Several personalities throughout history have contributed to improving diagnostic accuracy. Nonetheless, diagnostic error is still common and causes a severe impact on healthcare systems. To face this challenge, several clinical reasoning models have emerged to systematize the clinical thinking process. This paper describes the history of clinical reasoning and current diagnostic reasoning methods, proposes a new clinical reasoning model, called Integrative Reasoning, and brings perspectives about the future of clinical reasoning.
RESUMEN
Abstract This is an article aimed at showing the mentoring role in a fast-changing society, particularly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The intense flow of information feelings and new knowledge makes it necessary for medical education to be updated to keep up with social and professional dynamics, according to health requirements and new knowledge demands. The mentoring program is a development process in which the mentor promotes the mentee professional and personal growth, by the exchange of visions and experiences. It allows an increase in the repertoire of solutions, particularly important in such an unstable context imposed by the pandemic. The mentor and mentee are challenged to move from a traditional to a virtual environment, characterized by physical distancing, development of digital medicine and distance learning.