Exploring The Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Weight Perception, And Weight Change Behaviour Among University Students in Urban Gujarat, India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: In the context of the rising trend of overweight and obesity, young people are more concerned about their weight. This study investigates the association between measured Body Mass Index (BMI), self-perception of body weight and weight change behavior among university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed a sample of 415 university students aged 18-23 years residing in urban areas of Anand. Measures included weight, height, BMI, body weight perception and weight change behavior. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, the student’s t-test and Chi-square test. Results: About 36.1% of the participants misclassified their weight category. More women than men felt overweight in relation to their actual body shape. Among normal-weight or underweight BMI participants, 44.4% of females and 31.8% of males were inappropriately trying to lose weight. Conclusions: The study showed a higher prevalence of weight perception and inappropriate weight change behaviour. It also observed that the correct perception of body weight influences the willingness to lose or gain weight. It is important to consider these issues while designing a public health campaign targeting obesi-ty and healthy lifestyles.

Development Of Microemulsion Formulation For Oral Delivery Of Rosuvastatin Calcium

The purpose of conducting this study was to prepare an oral microemulsion formulation of Rosuvastatin calcium (RC) to improve its water solubility. Oil in water microemulsion was formulated using Oleic acid, Tween 80 and Polyethylene Glycol-400(PEG-400) as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The ideal proportion of surfactant: co-surfactant (Smix) was chosen by constructing pseudoternary diagrams. The microemulsion formulations which proved to be stable after thermodynamic stability testing were further evaluated for physical characteristics. Selected formulations were evaluated for droplet size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, viscosity and % drug content. The results were suggestive that optimized microemulsion formulation (F2) was thermodynamically stable and clear having a droplet size of 74.29 nm and zeta potential of -18.44. In vitro dissolution study for optimized microemulsion was performed using a dialysis bag method and cumulative % drug release was determined. The result from the release study was indicative of improved solubility of Rosuvastatin calcium which may serve to boost up the oral bioavailability of drug.

Brain abscess due to Streptococcus oralis in an immunocompetent patient.

A bacteriologically proven case of brain abscess, due to Streptococcus oralis is being reported in a 12‑year‑old girl who is a known case of congenital heart disease. The patient presented with fever, headache and vomiting. Pus cultures yielded S. oralis.

Pelvic ultrasonography in pubertal girls.

OBJECTIVE: To derive norms for the size of uterus, uterine shape (fundal-cervical ratio) and ovarian volume in girls in various Tanners stages of puberty. METHODS: Pelvic ultrasound was performed in ninety-two healthy girls in the age group of 8-15 years. These included twenty girls each in Tanner stages 1-4 and twelve in stage 5. All the subjects enrolled in the study had a weight and height within 5th-95th percentile of NCHS standards and their bone ages corresponded to the chronological age. Uterine height, fundal-cervical ratio (FCR) and ovarian volume were measured in all the subjects. The data was stratified according to various pubertal stages as well as for different ages. Statistical analysis was carried out to derive the percentiles for the three parameters in different pubertal stages and to study the correlation between these parameters and age, weight and height of the subjects. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in uterine height, FCR and ovarian volume was observed with progressive pubertal stages. Maximum increase in uterine height was observed during the transition from stage 2 to stage 3. All girls beyond the age of 10 years or beyond Tanner stage 2 had a FCR>1. The ovarian volume, after showing an initial increase, tended to plateau and there was no significant increase from stage 4-stage 5. A significant correlation was found between the three parameters and the subject's age, weight and height, the maximum correlation was with age (correlation coefficients being 0.748, 0.648, 0.568 for uterine height, FCR and ovarian volume respectively). Centiles for these parameters were obtained for different pubertal stages. CONCLUSION: This work has provided some guidelines for normative data for various pubertal stages as well as for ages between 8-15 years. These may be used as a reference in evaluation of patients with suspected disorders of puberty.

Leiomyoma of urinary bladder--a case report.

A case of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder in a 35-year old female is reported on account of its rarity. The tumor was responsible for urinary compliants which disappeared after the neoplasm was excised.

Pseudoexstrophy in a female child.

A six-year-old female patient presenting with a swelling in the infraumbilical part of the abdomen, bulging out on straining, was diagnosed to have pseudoexstrophy bladder. The urinary tract was normal. The patient had bifid clitoris. There was no other associated malformation. Surgical repair of abdominal wall defect was done successfully. A new classification of exstrophy variants is proposed.

Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of prostate--a case report.

Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate is a rare tumour in children, mostly below 6 years of age. A case of 5 year old male child presenting with acute retention of urine due to botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate is described.

Is hysteria still prevailing? A retrospective study of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

A retrospective study was conducted in a psychiatric setup of S.P. Medical College, Bikaner (Raj.) to assess the social demographic and clinical characteristics of hysterical patients. The illness was more common in female patients. Most of the patients were young, married and illiterate. Nearly half of them had faced some stress prior to onset of their illness. Fits of unconsciousness and aphonia were the commonest presentation in female and male patients respectively. Duration of stay was 2-3 days and most of the patient responded well to different treatment modalities.

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung.

An extremely rare case of sclerosing hemangioma lung is described in a patient who presented as right sided pleural effusion with recurrence.

Cystic lymphangioma with special reference to rare sites.

A 10 year retrospective study of 45 cases of cystic lymphangioma (CL) in children is presented. There were 25 females and 20 males. Age ranged from 6 months to 8 years. Common sites were involved in 38 and rare sites in 7 patients. Rare sites were--gluteal region (1), pelvis (1), retroperitoneum (1), mesentery (2), inguinal region (1) and inguinoscrotal region (1). The clinical presentation included sudden increase in size (25), lump abdomen (3), gluteal abscess (1), abdominal distension (1) and inguinal swelling (2). Diagnosis was established preoperatively in 38 cases, and after surgery and histopathology in 7 cases. Near total or subtotal excision was carried out in all cases. Facial nerve palsy (1) and recurrence (2) were the complications of surgery. The study is presented to highlight the occurrence of the cystic lymphangioma at rare sites to avoid diagnostic errors and unnecessary mutilating surgery.

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in soft tissue tumors.

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining was employed on 51 apparently normal representative soft tissues, 53 benign soft tissues tumors and 52 malignant soft tissue tumors with an aim to study the sensitivity and specificity of method in differentiating between the benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. The mean AgNORs count in apparently normal fibrous tissue was 1.02, whereas it was 0.94 in adipose tissue, 1.14 in smooth muscle tissue, 1.115 in skeletal muscle tissue, 1.025 in blood vessels endothelial lining cells and 1.04 in nerve tissue. The mean AgNOR count was found to be higher in benign soft tissue tumors as compared to respective apparently normal soft tissue and was found to be statistically significant. The mean AgNOR count in soft tissue sarcomas was found to be higher as compared to both apparently normal soft tissue and benign soft tissue tumors. An increase AgNOR score in both benign and malignant soft tissue tumors as compared to apparently normal soft tissue indicates high proliferative activity. The neurofibrosarcoma showed low AgNOR count as compared to other soft tissues sarcomas. The fibrohistiocytic sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and angiosarcoma showed a mean AgNOR score of 4 or more than four. The mean AgNOR score was found to increase with high grade of the tumor. The AgNOR staining is simple and useful method in estimating tumor cell proliferation thereby differentiating normal soft tissue from non-neoplastic proliferative growth, benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. It may help in differentiating fibromatosis from fibrosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of low grade malignancy from high grade malignant fibrous histiocytoma and benign hemangiopericytoma from malignant hemangiopericytoma.

Evaluation of cryostat frozen section in the diagnosis of surgical biopsies.

Cryostat frozen section technique was used on 1300 surgical biopsies. On final paraffin sections diagnosis there were 270 benign neoplasms, 200 malignant neoplasms and 830 inflammatory and non-neoplastic lesions. The overall accuracy using frozen section was 98.48 per cent with one false positive result (0.07 per cent), 17 false negative results (1.3 per cent) and 2 deferred diagnosis (0.15 per cent).

Serum immunoglobulins in leukaemia and malignant lymphoma.

The serum immunoglobulin levels were studied in 25 healthy control subjects and 23 cases of leukaemia (6 cases of acute lymphatic leukaemia, 5 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia, 2 cases of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and 10 cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia) and 17 cases of malignant lymphoma (13 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma and 4 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma). The mean levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in 25 control subjects were 1573.56 +/- 91.45 mg/dl, 209.64 +/- 12.55 mg/dl and 109.81 +/- 10.03 mg/dl respectively, those in 23 cases of leukaemia were 1338.23 +/- 109.74 mg/dl, 195.53 +/- 20.72 mg/dl and 127.47 +/- 13.29 mg/dl respectively and those in 17 cases of malignant lymphoma were 996.99 +/- 99.50 mg/dl, 147.47 +/- 19.61 mg/dl and 129.35 +/- 19.95 mg/dl respectively. The mean levels of IgG and IgA were found to be decreased in cases of leukaemia with elevated levels of IgM, however, it was found to be insignificant (p less than 0.4). The mean IgG, IgA and IgM levels were found to be almost identical in different leukaemia irrespective of cytological types except in 2 cases of chronic lymphatic leukaemia which showed low levels of IgG and IgA. The mean levels of IgG and IgA were found to be significantly decreased in malignant lymphoma (p less than 0.02). IgM levels were found to be increased in 3 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

The role of imprint cytology in diagnosis of various bone and joint diseases.

Using imprint cytodiagnosis on 63 cases of bone and joint lesions, there was only one false negative result, with ten unsatisfactory smear preparations giving an overall accuracy of 82.25 per cent. Imprint cytodiagnosis is simple, cheap, rapid easy to perform and interpret because of its better cytomorphological evaluation. The accuracy rate is high when used in conjunction with various cytochemical stains.