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Aim: The study was conducted to assess the prescribing behaviour for antimicrobials and various groups of drugs in tertiary care hospital in Puducherry. Prescription audit was done. Total 500 presc Method: riptions were analysed for sex wise distribution, no of patients for specific age group, antimicrobials prescribed in generic name, percentage of antibiotics, antacids, NSAIDs and multivitamins, among the prescribed drugs, groups of antibiotics, drugs prescribed from National List of Essential Medicines (2022), use of fixed drug combinations, injectable preparations if any. Results: Demographic analysis showed that out of 500 patients in OPD, most were female (53%) and in the age group between 41 to 60 years. In 500 number of prescriptions,9.96% of antibiotics were prescribed; fluoroquinolones (5.42%) were prescribed more from antibiotics followed by extended spectrum penicillin (1.64%).14.78%of antacids were prescribed; PPIs (11.28%) were prescribed more from antacids.21.63% of NSAIDs were prescribed.11.66% were prescribed in generic names,65.44% drugs were prescribed from National List of Essential Medicines (2022),15.88% of FDCs were prescribed,6.13% of injectable preparations were prescribed. The rational use of antimicrobial agents is one of the main contribut Conclusion: ors to control worldwide emergence of bacterial resistance, side effects and reduced cost of the treatment.
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An Online Survey among Interventional Cardiologists (IC) assessed the knowledge (five questions) and practice of radiation safety (eleven questions). Out of 185 respondents, knowledge of annual radiation dose (2% knew), LAO cranial view giving maximum radiation (48%) and benefit of assessment of radiation exposure with dose area product (31%) was limited. Radiation safety was practiced “whenever I remember” in 37e59%. Radiation safety practices were optimal frame rate selection (32%), distancing from x-ray unit (17%), collimation use (30%), positioning the image detector close to chest (91%) and personal dosimeters use (40%). A major gap exists between knowledge and practice of radiation safety
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Background & objectives: COVID-19 cases have been rising rapidly in countries where the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC), Omicron (B.1.1.529) has been reported. We conducted a study to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with ‘S’ gene target failure (SGTF, suspected Omicron). Furthermore, their clinical outcomes with COVID-19 patients with non-SGTF (non-Omicron) were also compared. Methods: This study was conducted in Tamil Nadu, India, between December 14, 2021 and January 7, 2022 among patients who underwent reverse transcription-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 in four laboratories with facilities for S gene screening. Consecutively selected COVID-19 patients with SGTF were telephonically contacted, seven and 14 days respectively after their date of positive result to collect information on the socio-demographic characteristics, previous history of COVID-19, vaccination status and clinical course of illness along with treatment details. To compare their outcomes with non-SGTF patients, one randomly suspected non-Omicron case for every two suspected Omicron cases from the line-list were selected, matching for the date of sample collection and the testing laboratory. Results: A total of 1175 SGTF COVID-19 patients were enrolled for this study. Almost 6 per cent (n=72) reported a history of previous infection. 141 (13.5%) suspected Omicron cases were non-vaccinated, while 148 (14.2%) and 703 (67.4%) had received valid one and two doses of COVID-19 vaccines, respectively. Predominant symptoms reported included fever (n=508, 43.2%), body pain (n=275, 23.4%), running nose (n=261, 22.2%) and cough (n=249, 21.2%). Five (0.4%) of the 1175 suspected Omicron cases required oxygen supplementation as compared to ten (1.6%) of the 634 suspected non-Omicron cases. No deaths were reported among omicron suspects, whereas there were four deaths among suspected non-Omicron cases. Interpretation & conclusions: Majority of the suspected Omicron cases had a mild course of illness. The overall severity of these cases was less compared to the suspected non-Omicron cases.
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The South Asian population is rapidly ageing and sarcopenia is likely to become a huge burden in this region if proper action is not taken in time. Several sarcopenia guidelines are available, from the western world and from East Asia. However, these guidelines are not fully relevant for the South Asian healthcare ecosystem. South Asia is ethnically, culturally, and phenotypically unique. Additionally, the region is seeing an increase in non-communicable lifestyle disease and obesity. Both these conditions can lead to sarcopenia. However, secondary sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are either not dealt with in detail or are missing in other guidelines. Hence, we present a consensus on the screening, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia, which addresses the gaps in the current guidelines. This South Asian consensus gives equal importance to muscle function, muscle strength, and muscle mass; provides cost-effective clinical and easy to implement solutions; highlights secondary sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity; lists commonly used biomarkers; reminds us that osteo-arthro-muscular triad should be seen as a single entity to address sarcopenia; stresses on prevention over treatment; and prioritizes nonpharmacological over pharmacological management. As literature is scarce from this region, the authors call for more South Asian research guided interventions.
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India is considered to be the largest market for alcoholic products in the world with estimated 62.5 million alcohol users in 2005. There has been a rapid proliferation of bars and people are fast shedding the inhibitions over alcohol as a lifestyle choice. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of alcohol dependence with relation to biopsychosocial factors as there is paucity in prevalence studies in India. MethodsThis is a cross sectional study, in which 500 people in 25 villages in 3 blocks out of 13 blocks in Coimbatore district were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The study was conducted over a period of 3 months from November 2019 to January 2020. ResultsA total of 500 people was interviewed. Our study showed a prevalence of 44% of alcohol dependence and also has statistical significance with biopsychosocial factors. ConclusionsEnforcement of laws pertaining to drinking, focussing on supply reduction, legal limits for alcohol intake with age restriction and health promotion activities by community level awareness should be considered to lower the prevalence of alcohol dependence in future.
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Background: The choice of a contraceptive method is a complex decision. Health care providers have an important role in providing information and supporting patients' decision making about contraceptive choices through counselling. Non-use of contraceptive methods, use of less effective methods, and incorrect and inconsistent use of methods underlie the high frequency of unintended pregnancy. Prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken to study the role of peri-partum counselling in improving choice of postpartum contraception at Pravara Rural Hospital Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.Methods: Four hundred and fifty women in third trimester of pregnancy were individually counselled about the postpartum contraception, using educational material and pamphlets. The choice of postpartum contraception before and after the counselling was noted.Results: Among primi gravidas, the most favored choices for postpartum contraception before counselling were condom (25%) and lactational amenorrhea method (12%). In the same group of women, the post counselling choices were PPIUCD (45%), condom (17%) and interval IUCD (7%). Among multi-gravida, the most favored choices for postpartum contraception before counselling were postpartum tubal ligation (26%), condom (20%) and lactational amenorrhea method or calendar method (17%). In the same group of women, the post counselling choices were postpartum tubal ligation (32%) PPIUCD (12%), condom (8%).Conclusions: The study supports the usefulness of good quality counselling both with respect to the interpersonal relationship between the patient and the provider and quality of information that is provided during counselling. Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD), a long acting reversible contraceptive, will fulfil the felt need of postpartum contraception in near future.
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Background: Postpartum contraception is essential for avoidance of unwanted pregnancy and for adequate spacing between two pregnancies. There are many socio demographic and cultural factors that influence the choice of contraception in rural community in India. Third trimester of pregnancy is ideal time for counselling the women regarding breast feeding and contraception. The objective of the present study was to find out the choice of postpartum contraception among antenatal women and the socio demographic and cultural determinants that influence this choice.Methods: Six hundred pregnant women were interviewed regarding their choice of postpartum contraception during their antenatal visit in third trimester of pregnancy, using a pre-validated and pre-tested brief questionnaire. The choices were compiled and analysed to draw conclusions.Results: Postpartum sterilization was choice of 30% of multiparous women. Primi-parous women either opted for barrier contraception like condom (10%), intrauterine contraception (9%) or oral steroidal pills (8%). The progesterone injectable contraceptives and centchroman each were chosen by 2% respondents. There was strong influence of education, parity, sex of the living children on the choice of contraception. It was observed that 40% of women did not want to use hormonal pills and intrauterine contraceptives due to strong age old misbelieves associated with them.Conclusions: Women in rural area prefer permanent method of contraception in the form of tubectomy operation after having desired number of children. There is insufficient spacing between pregnancies due to either non-use of contraception or inconsistent use of temporary method of contraception. More than 50% women are dependent on the husband regarding the choice and practice of contraception. The level of education of woman, age at marriage, socio economic class, desired sex combination of children are strong determinants of choice of contraception.
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In this research work to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity and HPTLC finger printing analysis of Physalis peruviana fruits. The chemical fingerprinting was carried out by high performance thin layer chromatography. It was carried out by the CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat V sample applicator, twin through plate development chamber, TLC scanner III and integration software WIN CATS-4.02. Physalis peruviana fruit extract was tested for phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-oxidant enzymes like 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), total antioxidant activity and reducing ability. Physalis peruviana fruit extract effectively scavenged free radicals at all different concentrations and showed its potent antioxidant activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various major phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins and anthraquinones. The HPTLC fingerprint qualitatively revealed predominant amount of quercetin. Physalis peruviana fruit extract will be subjected to further extensive studies to isolate and identify their active constituents which are useful for understanding their mechanism of action as antioxidants.
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Introduction: Coronavirus disease is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Since the new coronaviruscan spread unnoticed so easily, many governments have felt the best way to ensure people having minimal contact with eachother is to order total lockdowns. This study is performed a month after lockdown to evaluate the impact of corona pandemicon the psychosocial life of Coimbatore south population.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional randomized study was conducted at Coimbatore South, Tamil Nadu, India, betweenApril 26, 2020, and April 30, 2020. The sample size was 600. Pre-tested structured and self-structured e-questionnaire wassent to the study population and the answers were viewed using separate email id.Results: Of the 600 people, 59.5% were males and 40.5% were females. The majority (82.5%) of people felt that they weresafe during the pandemic majority of people (61%) felt that the modern lifestyle was the cause for the pandemic and 66.9% ofthe people increased the usage of traditional and natural remedies during the lockdown.Conclusion: We infer that the majority of the people (55%) enjoyed the break from their routine with an eye on their educationand career.
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The present study investigates Mg-SiO
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Magnesio , Reconstrucción Mandibular , Ensayo de Materiales , Nanocompuestos , Dióxido de SilicioRESUMEN
Background:In the current context of rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases, simple low-cost screening tools are essential for identifying individuals who have glucose dysregulationat its early stages. Therefore, we developed and validated a screening tool for dysglycemia (defined as HbA1c≥5.7%) with the potential to identify undiagnosed prediabetes and as well as diabetes mellitus.Methods:A sample of 2800 women representative ofColombo Municipal Council area was screened using fasting blood glucose for dysglycemia. All (n=272) newly diagnosed dysglycemics and a further 345 normoglycemics were recruited following confirmation of glycemic status by HbA1c, to enable ROC analysis. Apretested questionnaire and the International physical activity questionnaire validated for Sri Lanka were used to generate variables for the risk score.Results:A risk score for dysglycemia with a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 87% and AUC of 0.941 was developed with two common symptoms of dysglycaemia, history of recent increase in frequency of passing urine and recent reduction in vision, one common food related practice, inability to resist sugary food and one indicator of sedentary behavior, TV viewing time and a single anthropometric measurement, waist circumference.Conclusions: A tool to identify prediabetesis currently unavailable and this new tool fills this gap. Further, the tool is designed to include women with previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Inclusion of lifestyle parameters having a known association with dysglycemia increased the strength of the tool. Early identification will ensure targeting of interventions at the point of maximum effect.
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Background: Hypertension is a public health problem worldwide. Elevated systolic blood pressure ?140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ?90 mmHg are defined as Hypertension. The choice of an antihypertensive drug is based on its efficacy, side-effects, effects on other systems and cost. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in a private health care centre.Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in the out-patient department of a private health care centre, Chennai from November 2018 to December 2018.Results: In the present study, 104 prescriptions were selected based on the inclusion criteria. In which 62 (59.61%) were males and 42 (40.38%) were females. Prescriptions belonging to age group of <40 years were 11 (10.57%), 40–59 years were 48 (46.15%) and >60 years were 45 (43.26%). Monotherapy was received by 62 hypertensive patients and as combination therapy by 42 patients.Conclusions: Even though the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in this study complied with the recommended guidelines, clinicians should always be vigilant and consider change of regimen whenever necessary.
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Introduction: Fundamental to the success of preventive measures in diabetes mellitus, is disease-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). We aimed to assess KAP regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nutrition and lifestyle in a community-based population of newly diagnosed dysglycemic and normoglycemic women, unaware of their glycemic status at the time of data collection. Methods: Women (2800) aged 30-45 years were screened for dysglycemia using cluster sampling from the Colombo Municipal Council area. All 272 dysglycemic detected through screening and 345 normoglycemic randomly selected from the same screened sample were enrolled. All women were unaware of their glycemic status. The sampling strategy aimed to include adequate numbers of women with altered glycemic status who were unaware of their status at the time of the study. A validated and pretested intervieweradministered questionnaire was used and analyzed using Chi-square test and student’s t-test. Results: KAP on T2DM, nutrition and a healthy lifestyle were poor, particularly knowledge on prediabetes. Some aspects of lifestyle modification were known. Women with a family history compared to those without, had better knowledge (p<0.001) and attitudes (p<0.05), but lower practice scores (p<0.05). Majority of women who found it difficult to resist foods high in fat and sugar, ate while watching television, and a higher proportion of them had a family history (p<0.001). Conclusion: Poor food-related practices observed among those with a family history, despite better knowledge and attitudes indicate a need for targeted intervention. The specific KAP related aspects identified here, can direct future intervention strategies.
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Abstract Identifying naturally existing abiotic-stress tolerant accessions in cereal crops is central to understanding plant responses towards stress. Salinity is an abiotic stressor that limits crop yields. Salt stress triggers major physiological changes in plants, but individual plants may perform differently under salt stress. In the present study, 112 barley accessions were grown under controlled salt stress conditions (1 Sm-1 salinity) until harvest. The accessions were then analyzed for set of agronomic and physiological traits. Under salt stress, less than 5 % of the assessed accessions (CIHO6969, PI63926, PI295960, and PI531867) displayed early flowering. Only two (< 2 %) of the accessions (PI327671 and PI383011) attained higher fresh and dry weight, and a better yield under salt stress. Higher K+ /Na+ ratios were maintained by four accessions PI531999, PI356780, PI452343, and PI532041. These top-performing accessions constitute naturally existing variants within barley's gene pool that will be instrumental to deepen our understanding of abiotic-stress tolerance in crops.
Resumen La identificación de accesiones existentes en condiciones naturales que sean tolerantes al estrés abiótico en cultivos de cereales es fundamental para entender las respuestas al estrés. La salinidad es un factor de estrés abiótico que limita el rendimiento de los cultivos. El estrés por salinidad desencadena importantes cambios fisiológicos en las plantas, pero plantas individuales pueden comportarse diferencialmente bajo este tipo de estrés. En el presente estudio se hicieron crecer 112 accesiones de cebada bajo condiciones controladas de estrés por salinidad (1 Sm-1 salinidad) hasta la cosecha. Posteriormente las accesiones se analizaron para determinar sus caracteres agronómicos y fisiológicos. Bajo condiciones de estrés por salinidad, menos del 5 % de las accesiones estudiadas (CIHO6969, PI63926, PI295960 y PI531867) mostraron floración temprana. Solamente dos (< 2 %) de las accesiones (PI327671 y PI383011) alcanzaron mayores pesos fresco y seco y un mayor rendimiento bajo estrés por salinidad. Se mantuvieron mayores proporciones K+/Na+ en cuatro accesiones PI531999, PI356780, PI452343 y PI532041. Estas accesiones que tuvieron el mejor rendimiento constituyen las variantes existentes en condiciones naturales dentro del acervo genético de la cebada, que pueden ser instrumentos para profundizar en nuestro entendimiento de la tolerancia de los cultivos al estrés abiótico.
Resumo A identificação de acessões existentes em condições naturais que sejam tolerantes ao estresse abiótico em culturas de cereais é fundamental para entender a resposta ao estresse. A salinidade é um fator de estresse abiótico que limita o rendimento das culturas. O estresse por salinidade desencadeia importantes mudanças fisiológicas nas plantas, no entanto, plantas individuais podem se comportar diferentemente sob este tipo de estresse. No presente estudo 112 acessões de cevada foram cultivadas sob condições controladas de estresse por salinidade (1 Sm-1 salinidade) até a colheita. Porteriormente, as acessões foram analizadas para determinar suas características agronômicas e fisiológicas. Sob condições de estresse por salinidade, menos de 5 % das acessões estudadas (CIHO6969, PI63926, PI295960 e PI531867) mostraram floração prematura. Somente duas (< 2 %) acessões (PI327671 e PI383011) atingiram maiores pesos frescos e secos e um maior redimento sob estresse por salinidade. As maiores proporções K+/Na+ foram mantidas em quatro acessões PI531999, PI356780, PI452343 e PI532041. As acessões com maior rendimento constituem as variantes existentes em condições naturais dentro do fundo genético da cevada, que podem ser instrumentos para aprofundar no nosso entendimento da tolerância dos cultivos ao estresse biológico.
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Aim: The aim of the study was to correlate the histological changes in cotyledon and embryonic axis in aged seeds of soybean genotypes with the physiological changes and storability. Methodology: Ten genotypes with differing, storability as predicted by accelerated ageing test, were selected and various physiological parameters viz., germination per cent, seedling length and dry weight, seedling vigour, mobilization efficiency were studied over a period of ten months at bi-monthly interval. These were correlated with histological changes like cell arrangement and cell membrane integrity in cotyledon and embryonic axis of seed. The findings were further supported by electrical conductivity test. Results: Good storer/performer (DSB 21) maintained comparatively better cell membrane integrity in both cotyledon and embryonic axis at the end of ten months of storage when compared to poor storer/performer (MAUS 61). Interpretation: Maintenance of cell membrane integrity in good storer genotype, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, as result of better tolerance mechanism for biochemical degradation, is the main reason for higher physiological performance of all the good storer/performers genotypes during storage.
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Availability of transcriptome datasets for use in accelerated molecular-based breeding in Musa species is limited. IlluminaHiseq technology was employed to determine differential gene expression between the contrasting cultivars for threedifferent stresses (Eumusae leaf spot –Mycosphaerella eumusae, root lesion nematode – Pratylenchus coffeae and moisturedeficit stress) under challenged and unchallenged conditions. An average of 34.72 million of reads was assembled into*47629 contigs, and *5,466 simple sequence repeats (SSR) from each library were identified. GO annotation and KEGGpathway analysis were carried for all the transcripts and the SSR, SNPs were also detected. Based on this information, aMusatransSSRDB has been developed. Currently, the database consists of 32,800 SSRs with the unique information likeputative function of the SSR-containing genes and their metabolic pathway and expression profiling under various stressconditions. This database provides information on in silico polymorphic SSRs (2830 SSRs) between the contrastingcultivars for each stress and within stress. Information on in silico polymorphic SSRs specific to differentially expressedgenes under challenged condition for each stress can also be accessed. This database facilitates the retrieval of results bynavigating the tabs for cultivars, stress and polymorphism. This database was developed using HTML, Java and PHP;datasets are stored in MySQL database and accessible in the public domain (http://bioinfnrcb.byethost7.com/nrcbbio/). Thisunique information facilitates the banana breeder to select the SSR primers based on specific objectives. MusatransSSRDBalong with other genomics databases will facilitate the genetic dissection and breeding for complex traits in banana. Thus,this database is a step forward in economizing cost, time, manpower and other resources.
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Keratoprosthesis (Kpro) forms the last resort for bilateral end-stage corneal blindness. The Boston Type 1 and 2 Kpros, the modified osteo-odonto Kpro and the osteo-Kpro are the more frequently and commonly performed Kpros, and this review attempts to compile the current data available on these Kpros worldwide from large single-center studies and compare the indications and outcomes with Kpros in the Indian scenario. Although the indications have significantly expanded over the years and the complications have reduced with modifications in design and postoperative regimen, these are procedures that require an exclusive setup, and a commitment toward long-term follow-up and post-Kpro care. The last decade has seen a surge in the number of Kpro procedures performed worldwide as well as in India. There is a growing need in our country among ophthalmologists to be aware of the indications for Kpro to facilitate appropriate referral as well as of the procedure to enable basic evaluation during follow-ups in case the need arises, and among corneal specialists interested to pursue the field of Kpros in understanding the nuances of these surgeries and to make a judicious decision regarding patient and Kpro selection and more importantly deferral.
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Proper prescription of prosthetic device and potential rehabilitation increases the quality of life for subjects with amputations
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It has been known from the medical records of Kancheepuram district hospitals that there is a prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. Now the recent epidemiology has shown the presence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus even in school going children community individuals. In view of the above situation, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus screening was undertaken in the above said region. Both samples from hospital sources and school going children were screened for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The results have shown that the samples had multiantibiotic resistant property along with methicillin resistance. The genomic studies have revealed that there were of positive genomic sequence for mec A and 5 isolates for mecA negative gene sequence. This would assume that even negative mec A genome has the resistant expression. Out of the 5 isolates two isolates have shown the presence of both nor A and qac A/B genes. The above results are discussed with efflux of drugs and future proposal on proteomics
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As the incidence of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes continues to rise at an alarming rate in South-East Asia, it is imperative that urgent and populationwide strategies are adopted. The most important contributors to the rise in noncommunicable disease are a rise in mean caloric intake and a decrease in physical activity. The evidence for population-based dietary approaches to counter these factors is reviewed. Several structural and cohesive interdepartmental coordination efforts are required for effective implementation of prevention strategies. Since low- and middle-income countries may lack the frameworks for effective and integrated multi-stakeholder intervention, implementation of population-based dietary and physical-activity approaches may be delayed and may be too late for effective prevention in current at-risk cohorts. Evidence-based strategies to decrease energy intake and increase physical activity are now well established and their urgent adoption by Member States of the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region is essential. In the context of Sri Lanka, for example, it is recommended that the most effective and easy-to-implement interventions would be media campaigns, restrictions on advertisement of unhealthy foods, taxation of unhealthy foods, subsidies for production of healthy foods, and laws on nutrition labelling that introduce colour coding of packaged foods.