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AlM: To observe the effect of dacryocystorhinostomy for the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis using nasal endoscope and discuss the operation technique. METHODS: A retrospective clinical analysis was performed on the clinical data followed up for 6 ~12mo from 140 patients (169 eyes) with dacryocystorhinostomy for the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis using nasal endoscope. The effect of the treatment was evaluated and the operation technique for the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis using nasal endoscope was discussed.RESULTS: ln all of cases 155 eyes ( 91. 7%) were recovery, 3 eyes ( 1. 8%) were improved, and 11 eyes (6. 5%) were failure. The total efficiency was 93. 5%, there was no significant difference compared with traditional dacryocystorhinostomy group (χ2=3. 743, P>0. 05). CONCLUSlON: Dacryocystorhinostomy using nasal endoscope for treatment of chronic dacryocystitis has a good curative effect. Techniques including lacrimal sac location and size, colostomy position and size, treatment of colostomy mucosal flap and nasal disease, postoperative follow - up and physical condition of patients are likely to affect the operation curative effect.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by manganese, and observe the effects on the apoptosis of neurons in rat striatum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SD rats were divided into four groups, six rats each group. Three dose groups were exposed to high, middle, and low level of MnCl(2). At the end of experiment, all rats of the exposed groups and control group were decapitated, their striatums were removed and the Mn content of striatum, the apoptotic morphology, ratio and ultrastructural organization were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Mn content of striatum and apoptosis index of the three dose groups exposed to high, middle, and low level of Mn were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). The Mn content of striatum of the three dose groups exposed to high, middle, low level of MnCl(2) and control group were 2.98 +/- 0.52, 2.75 +/- 0.37, 2.61 +/- 0.73, 0.60 +/- 0.20 respectively. The apoptosis index of striatum of the three dose groups exposed to high, middle, low level of MnCl(2) and control group were 24.83 +/- 5.98, 17.00 +/- 5.33, 15.33 +/- 2.58, 2.83 +/- 0.41 respectively, and following higher level dose, the apoptosis index increased. The nucleus of neurons in striatum become smaller, condensed, etc, and these character showed apoptosis of neurons.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mn can result in apoptotic morphology and increase level of apoptosis in striatum. The level of apoptos varies with Mn concentration.</p>