Cirrose hepática em adolescente com hepatite autoimune: relatode caso / Cirrhosis of the liver in adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A hepatite autoimune (HAI) é uma doença inflamatória do fígado de etiologia ainda desconhecida, que cursa com destruição progressiva do parênquima hepático e evolui frequentemente para cirrose, na ausência de tratamento imunossupressor. Caracteriza-se pela presença de autoanticorpos,hipergamaglobulinemia e disfunção hepática. O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar que o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado na hepatite autoimune são essenciais na redução de possíveis morbidades relacionadas à presença desta doença.RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 11 anos, estudante, natural de Campos dos Goytacazes, foi admitida no Centro de Referência da Dengue com quadro de febre, vômitos aquosos, cefaleia frontal e icterícia. Ao exame constatou-se ascite, esplenomegalia, petéquias e edemas nos membros inferiores. O diagnóstico de hepatite autoimune foi firmado pela exclusão de outras causas de hepatopatias e pela presença de variáveis clínicas,laboratoriais e histológicas características da doença. Assim, o tratamento foi realizado com prednisona seguido de azatioprina,com boa resposta.CONCLUSÃO: A HAI, apesar de rara, deve ser lembrada como diagnóstico diferencial de outras afecções para que o tratamento correto seja instituído precocemente. Dessa forma, objetivando controlar a doença, melhorar a sobrevida e evitar suas possíveis complicações.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory disease of the liver of unknown etiology that leads to progressive destruction of the parenchyma and often progresses to cirrhosis in the absence of immunosuppressive treatment. It is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia and liver dysfunction. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment in autoimmune hepatitis are essential in reducing potential health problems related to this disease.CASE REPORT: Female patient, 11 years-old, student, who borned in Campos of Goytacazes and was admitted in the Reference Center of Dengue with fever, watery vomiting, headache and jaundice. On examination it was found ascites, splenomegaly,flapping, petechiae and edema of lower limbs. The diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis was confirmed by excluding other causes of liver disease and the presence of clinical, laboratory and histological characteristic of disease. The patient was treated with prednisone followed by azathioprine, with good response.CONCLUSION: AIH, although rare, must be considered as a differential diagnosis of other diseases for which proper treatment instituted early. Thus, aiming to control the disease, improve survival and prevent its complications.

Alteration in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in dengue patients: analysis of 1, 398 cases

A study of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate during the first hour (ESR) in dengue patients would help determine how this parameter is affected by this disease, as well as whether it can be used for diagnosis. One thousand, three hundred and ninety-eight cases of dengue attended at the Dengue Treatment Center, Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were included. The ESR values were classified as normal or elevated and compared by gender and clinical form of the disease. Among the 1,398 cases ESR was normal in 81.25 percent (n = 1,136), while in 18.75 percent (n=262) it was elevated. In 83.92 percent (n=514) of the male dengue patients ESR was normal, while in 16.08 percent (n=98) it was elevated. Among female dengue patients, 79.17 percent (n=622) had normal ESR, and in 20.83 percent (n=164) ESR was elevated (p=0.05). Among patients with classic dengue, 77.28 percent (n=961) had normal ESR, while in 22.72 percent (n=282), it was elevated. Also in 85.81 percent (n=133) of patients with hemorrhagic dengue, ESR was normal, while in 14.19 percent (n=22) ESR was elevated (p=0.026). We concluded that ESR was within normal ranges in most dengue cases, independent of gender or clinical presentation. Given the high frequency of normality and the ease of determination of this parameter, ESR data can help in the differential diagnosis of dengue.