Atividade de alcaloides inibidores da acetilcolinesterase no tratamento da doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão sistemática / Activity of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Alkaloids in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: a systematic review

Objetivo: descrever a atividade de inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE), por meio de ativos extraídos de alcaloides naturais. Metodologia: este estudo se configura como uma revisão sistemática da literatura, no período de janeiro de 2015 a setembro de 2021, nas bases de dados PUBMED, LILACS e SCIENCE DIRECT, com os descritores Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer; Alkaloids. As informações obtidas foram tabuladas para avaliação dos alcaloides inibidores da acetilcolinesterase. Resultados: de 563 artigos encontrados, 17 foram utilizados. Dois deles relataram a atividade de alcaloides inibidores da AChE por meio de ensaios clínicos, enquanto os demais a realizaram por testes in vitro. De 160 substâncias estudadas, 48 apresentaram atividade anticolinesterásica, as quais foram avaliadas de acordo com a sua concentração inibitória média (IC50). Discussão: a eficiência dos alcaloides como inibidores da AChE, provavelmente está relacionada com sua carga positiva no pH do organismo e sua boa biodisponibilidade, tendo como consequência uma atividade duradoura in vivo, em comparação com os medicamentos sintéticos. Conclusão: no presente estudo, foi possível observar uma grande diversidade de substâncias alcalóidicas antiAChE. Contudo, torna-se necessária a realização de mais ensaios in vivo e in vitro para a constatação efetiva da atividade dessas moléculas.

Objective: describe the activity of the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) through natural actives extracted from alkaloids. Methodology: this study is a systematic literature review, from January 2015 to September 2021, in the PUBMED, LILACS, and SCIENCE DIRECT databases, with the descriptors Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer's; Alkaloids. The information obtained was tabulated for the evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor alkaloids. Results: of 563 articles found, 17 were used. Two of them reported the activity of AChE-inhibiting Alkaloids through clinical trials, while the others performed it through in vitro tests. Of 160 substances studied, 48 showed anticholinesterase activity, which was evaluated according to their mean inhibitory concentration (IC50). Discussion: the efficiency of Alkaloids as AChE inhibitors is probably related to their positive charge on the body's pH and their good bioavailability, resulting in a long-lasting activity in vivo compared to synthetic drugs. Conclusion: in the present study, it was possible to observe a great diversity of antiAChE alkaloid substances. However, it is necessary to carry out more in vivo and in vitro tests to verify the effective activity of these molecules.

Dengue: 30 years of cases in an endemic area

The present study aimed to review literature on studies of dengue cases conducted over 30 years in the state of Ceará. Between November 2015 and January 2016, articles published in Portuguese and English in 7 databases were searched using keywords and a Boolean operator. A total of 191 articles were identified in the databases; 133 were excluded according to the exclusion criteria, and 58 were included in the study. Of the 58 articles analyzed, 6 reported data from Brazil; including the Northeast region and the state of Ceará; 41 reported data for only the city of Fortaleza; 7 reported data for the state of Ceará; 4 reported data for cities in the interior of the state; and 3 included only children. The studies adopted different approaches and focused on different aspects of the disease. Study outcomes included the identification of serological, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics; potential larvicides and biological predators of mosquitoes; potential antiviral agents; vector density characteristics; and educational dengue prevention and control strategies. Additionally, one vaccine trial was included. Although studies on dengue in the state of Ceará are scarce, they are encompassing, including several lines of research, and the number of studies and reports on dengue in the state of Ceará continues to increase.

Identificação de dengue em pacientes com síndrome febril aguda

A dengue é considerada a mais importante arbovirose transmitida aos seres humanos.De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS),calcula-se que entre 50 a 100 milhões de pessoas infectadas surjam anualmente em mais de 100 países. Em média 550 mil doentes necessitam de hospitalização e 20 mil morrem devido à doença. Contudo, a maioria dos casos são assintomáticos, podendo gerar a não procura por atendimento médico e,como consequência,a subestimação dos casos da doença.O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar os principais sintomas apresentados pelos participantes com suspeita clínica de dengue, atendidos em instituições de atenção primária e terciária localizadas no município de Fortaleza. Foram avaliados 114 participantes com suspeita clínica de dengue, recrutados no ambulatório e na enfermaria do Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas e nas Unidades de atenção primária à saúde (UAPS) Mattos Dourado e Francisco Pereira de Almeida, no município de Fortaleza,no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014. Os testes de diagnóstico específico realizados para dengue foram: imunocromatográfico NS1, imunoenzimático ELISA IgM e IgG.Dos 114 participantes,78 (68,42%) foram positivos para dengue em pelo menos um dos testes específicos realizados, sendo 74 (64,9%) positivos para IgM, 3 (2,6%) para o NS1 e 1 (0,8%) participante foi positivo em ambos os testes...

Dengue is considered one arbovirus more important transmitted to humans. Of the Agreement with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that between 50-100 million people infected annually arise in over 100 Countries. Medium 550 thousand patients require hospitalization and 20,000 die from the disease. However, most cases are asymptomatic and can generate a not in seeking medical care and, as a consequence, an underestimation of the disease cases. The present study aimed to identify the mainsymptoms presented those participants with clinical suspicion of dengue, attended in primary care and tertiary institutions located in Fortaleza. Were evaluated 114 participants with clinical suspicion of dengue were recruited in and Clinic in the ward ofSão José Hospital for Infectious Diseases and NAS Units Primary Health Care (UAP) Mattos Dourado and Francisco Pereira de Almeida, in Fortaleza, in the period January 2013 to December 2014. The specific diagnosis of testicular done paragraph dengue Were: NS1 immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent ELISA IgG and IgM. Of the 114 participants, 78 (68.42%) Were Positive paragraph dengue in less than hum hair testicles Specific done, BEING 74 (64.9%) IgM Positive paragraph, 3 (2.6%) for NS1 and 1 (0, 8%) participants was positive in both techniques...