Occurrence of gastric ulcers and serum gastrin levels in jumping horses / Ocorrência de úlceras gástricas e níveis séricos de gastrina em cavalos de hipismo

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of EGUS and to quantify serum gastrin levels in jumping horses during competition season and interseason period. Forty jumping horses, competing at high level were randomly allocated into two groups, the Training Group: twenty jumping horses undergoing intense training and participating in competitions, and the Rest Group: twenty jumping horses in the interseason (resting period). The gastroscopic examinations and blood samples of the horses in the training group were performed 1-2 days following the competition while in the horses of the rest group, following 4 weeks of rest. The serum gastrin levels were measured at two different times: pre-feeding and two hours after feeding the horses (postprandial) by ELISA kit. Gastric lesion score data were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test (α= 0.05) and the mean gastrin values were compared between the groups and between the two moments by the paired tet tests, respectively (α= 0, 05). Squamous gastric ulcers were detected in 42.5% of all jumping horses examined independent of the period, competition season or interseason. Serum gastrin levels were significantly higher in the Training Group with no difference between pre-feeding and postprandial values.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de EGUS e quantificar os níveis séricos de gastrina em cavalos de hipismo durante a época de competições e o período de férias. Quarenta cavalos de hipismo de alta performance foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos, grupo treinamento: vinte cavalos de hipismo submetidos a treinamento intenso e participando de competições, e grupo descanso: vinte cavalos de hipismo em férias (período de descanso). As avaliações gastroscópicas e as coletas de sangue dos cavalos em treinamento foram realizadas um ou dois dias após as competições, enquanto nos cavalos do grupo descanso foram realizadas após quatro semanas de repouso. Os níveis séricos de gastrina foram mensurados por kit de ELISA, em dois momentos: antes da alimentação e duas horas após. Os dados de escore das lesões gástricas foram comparados pela prova U de Mann-Whitney (α= 0,05) e os valores médios de gastrina foram comparados entre os grupos e entre os dois momentos pelos testes t e t pareado, respectivamente (α= 0,05). Foram encontradas úlceras gástricas em 42,5% de todos os cavalos examinados, independentemente do período de competições ou repouso. Os níveis séricos de gastrina foram significativamente maiores no grupo treinamento, sem diferença entre os períodos pré e pós-alimentação.(AU)

Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 infection in children born to HIV-1- infected women in São Paulo, Brazil

Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) appears to be transmitted mainly by sexual contact. However, several studies suggest that in developing countries the infection may be acquired early in life by routes other than sexual transmission. The present study estimated the seroprevalence of HHV-8 in Brazilian children born to HIV-1-infected mothers. The serum samples were collected in a cross-sectional cohort study from 99 children born to HIV-infected mothers (median age 3.27 years; range 1.5-13.8 years) attending the outpatient clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo. IgG antibodies to HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen and lytic phase antigens were detected by immunofluorescence assays. The samples tested were collected from children aged 12 months or older to exclude the possibility of cross-placental antibody transport. The total prevalence of anti-lytic antibodies in this population (5/99; 5 percent) reveals that HHV-8 infection can occur during childhood. Children aged 1.5 to 2 years had a seroprevalence of 2 percent (1/50) and children aged 3.25 to 13.8 years had a seroprevalence of 8 percent (4/49). This difference was not statistically significant, probably because of the small size of the sample, but it suggests that HHV-8 infection occurs more commonly late in infancy. Further prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the timing and risk factors for primary HHV-8 infection in the pediatric population.

Prevalence of antibodies to human herpesvirus-8 in populations with and without risk for infection in São Paulo State

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a newly described herpesvirus that is etiologically associated with all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Seroepidemiological studies have shown high prevalence rates of HHV-8 antibodies among men who have sex with men (MSM) and AIDS patients, African children, Brazilian Amerindians, and elderly individuals in certain regions of Europe. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies in healthy children and young adults from different cities in São Paulo State, and in a population at high risk for HHV-8 infection: HIV-negative MSM, and AIDS patients with and without KS. Antibodies to HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen and lytic-phase antigens were detected by immunofluorescence assays. In 643 healthy children and young adults from the general population attending a vaccination program for yellow fever in ten different cities in São Paulo State, the prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies detected by the presence of latent or lytic antigens ranged from 1.0 to 4.1 percent in the different age groups (mean = 2.5 percent). In the MSM group, the prevalence was 31/95 (32.6 percent). In the group of patients with AIDS, the prevalence was 39.2 percent (51/130) for non-KS patients and 98.7 percent (77/78) for AIDS patients with the diagnosis of KS confirmed by histopathological examination. We conclude that HHV-8 has a restricted circulation among healthy children and young adults in the general population of São Paulo State and a high prevalence among MSM and AIDS patients.

Biological activity evaluation of dibenzilbutirolactones lignans derivatives against Leishmania braziliensis

This work reports the results of the in vitro assay against extracellular forms of Leishmania (viannia) braziliensis of eleven dibenzylbutyrolactone derivatives, either isolated from plants or obtained by synthesis. From these, only two showed relative biological activity against the parasite, the raceme mixtures of methylpluviatolide: IC50 = 496 mM and (-)-6,6'- dinitrocubebin: IC50 = 510,4 μM. Thus, it can be suggested that the metabolic pathway responsible for the biological activity of these compounds against this parasite genera differs from the one related to Trypanosoma cruzi, for which these compounds were quite active. This fact highly also suggests that this class of compounds is more selective against T. cruzi. Nevertheles, other lignans derivatives should be obtained to allow the fully evaluation of this class of lignans against Leishmaniosis.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de ensaios in vitro contra formas extracelulares de Leishmania (viannia) braziliensis de onze derivados de dibenzilbutirolactonas isolados de plantas ou obtidos através de síntese. Destes, só dois mostraram atividade biológica relativa contra o parasita, as misturas racêmicas de methilpluviatolide,: IC50 = 496 M e (-) -6,6' - dinitrocubebin: IC50 = 510,4 M. Assim, pode-se sugerir que o caminho metabólico responsável para a atividade biológica destas combinações contra estes gêneros de parasita difere do relacionado a Trypanosoma cruzi para o qual estas combinações foram bastante ativas. Este fato também sugere fortemente que essa classe de combinações é mais seletivo contra T. cruzi. Dessa forma, deveriam ser obtidos outros derivados de lignanas para permitir a completa avaliação desta classe de substâncias contra Leishmaniose.