RESUMEN
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and potentially disabling disease which is reaching an epidemic proportion in many parts of the world. UTI is a common infection observed in diabetic patients. The objectives of this study was to determine the prevalence of UTI among hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients, the frequent bacteria responsible for UTI and most susceptible antibiotics among the diabetic patients.Methods: A hospital-based study involving type 2 diabetes patients admitted with diagnosis of UTI between 2017- 2018 (July - June). The study was a cross sectional study and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital. Patients fitting study inclusion and exclusion criteria took part in the study with informed written consent obtained. A validated pilot-tested questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection.Results: Total of 126 subjects were identified. Prevalence of UTI was around 25% higher in women with type 2 diabetes than in men. UTI was found to be significantly associated with age, creatinine (p<0.05) and Escherichia coli was the commonly isolated micro-organism. The gram negative pathogens were highly sensitive to cefoperazone-sulbactum and amikacin was found to be the most sensitive antibiotic for both gram positive and gram negative pathogens.Conclusions: UTIs are frequent in diabetic patients. Improved glycemic control in diabetics may help in controlling the UTIs. Accurate screening for UTI in diabetic patients is also critical to enable the appropriate treatment and avoiding related complications.
RESUMEN
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that affects more than one bodily system with predominantly skin and also joint manifestations affecting almost 2% of the world population that occurs primarily due to immune dysregulation. Apremilast is an oral, selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) enzymes. Inhibition of PDE-4 results in specific elevation of cAMP, an innately occurring intracellular secondary messenger that functions as a modulator of inflammatory responses. The drug is taken orally in strengths of 10, 20 and 30 mg. The drug may be a suitable alternative to different systemic therapies. Apremilast is a much-needed molecule for the treatment of psoriasis that is resistant to first line therapy and also useful in combination therapies.