Axonal and Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Associated With Celiac Disease.

Background: The involvement of the peripheral nervous system in children with celiac disease is rare. Case characteristics: A 15- year- old girl affected by celiac disease, who presented with an acute polyneuropathy after accidental reintroduction of gluten in her diet. Observation: Neurological examination suggested asymmetric weakness of both legs distally. Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies were positive. Nerve conduction studies were consistent with a sensory-motor demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Outcome: Symptoms improved spontaneously on a gluten-free diet. Message: Polyneuropathy may occur as a complication of celiac disease in childhood.