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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the predictors of survival among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who underwent tracheal intubation, as part of a hospital cohort study. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study in the Rio do Sul County Hospital, Santa Catarina, Brazil, from April 2020 to May 2021, focused on patients aged 18 years or older intubated for coronavirus disease 2019. We assessed the 90-day survival of intubated patients by estimating the hazard ratio using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The study included 132 participants, with an average age of approximately 60 years. Tracheal intubation was successfully accomplished in 97% of cases within two attempts. The overall mortality rate was 62.9%. Notably, mortality rates were significantly higher in patients aged over 60 years (hazard ratio=2.57; 95%CI 1.54-4.29; p<0.001), those with blood oxygen saturation below 85% (hazard ratio=1.92; 95%CI 1.03-3.57; p=0.04), instances where tracheal intubation was carried out using a conventional laryngoscope (hazard ratio=2.59; 95%CI 1.22-5.48; p=0.013), and when performed by emergency physicians (hazard ratio=3.96; 95%CI 1.51-10.4; p=0.005). CONCLUSION: Our analysis unveiled that the risk of death in intubated coronavirus disease 2019 patients is four times higher when an emergency physician, as opposed to an anesthesiologist, leads the tracheal intubation team.
RESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Comparar as manifestações clínicas, radiológicas e laboratoriais de indivíduos com tuberculose pulmonar coinfectados com HIV com aqueles sem a coinfecção. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, no qual sinais e sintomas foram analisados por meio de anamnese e exame físico em pacientes internados com tuberculose pulmonar. A baciloscopia, a cultura para Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a dosagem de hemoglobina e a contagem de células T CD4+ foram obtidas de registros dos prontuários, assim como os laudos das radiografias de tórax. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 50 pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar, que foram divididos em dois grupos (HIV positivo e HIV negativo; n = 25 por grupo). A média de idade dos participantes foi de 38,4 ± 10,5 anos, 46 (92 por cento) eram do sexo masculino, e 27 (54 por cento) eram caucasianos. Apresentaram expectoração 21 (84 por cento) e 13 (52 por cento) dos pacientes nos grupos HIV negativo e HIV positivo, respectivamente (p = 0,016). Achados radiológicos de cavitação estavam presentes em 10 (43 por cento) e 2 (10 por cento) dos pacientes nos grupos HIV negativo e HIV positivo, respectivamente (p = 0,016), ao passo que padrão intersticial estava presente em 18 (78 por cento) e 8 (40 por cento) dos pacientes nesses grupos (p = 0,012). O nível médio de hemoglobina foi de 11,1 ± 2,9 g/dL e 9,3 ± 2,2 g/dL nos grupos HIV negativo e HIV positivo, respectivamente (p = 0,015). CONCLUSÕES: Entre pacientes coinfectados com tuberculose e HIV desta amostra, houve menor prevalência de expectoração, foram menos frequentes os achados radiológicos de cavitação e de padrão intersticial, e os níveis de hemoglobina foram mais baixos do que naqueles sem essa coinfecção.
OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics of individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis co-infected or not with HIV. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, in which signs and symptoms were assessed by anamnesis and physical examination in patients hospitalized with pulmonary tuberculosis. The results of sputum smear microscopy and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as hemoglobin levels and CD4+ T-cell counts, were obtained from medical records, and chest X-ray reports were consulted. RESULTS: We included 50 pulmonary tuberculosis patients, who were divided into two groups (HIV-positive and HIV-negative; n = 25 per group). The mean age of the participants was 38.4 ± 10.5 years; 46 (92 percent) were males; and 27 (54 percent) were White. Expectoration was presented by 21 (84 percent) and 13 (52 percent) of the patients in the HIV-negative and HIV-positive groups, respectively (p = 0.016). Radiological findings of cavitation were present in 10 (43 percent) and 2 (10 percent) of the patients in the HIV-negative and HIV-positive groups, respectively (p = 0.016), whereas an interstitial pattern was observed in 18 (78 percent) and 8 (40 percent), respectively (p = 0.012). The mean hemoglobin level was 11.1 ± 2.9 g/dL and 9.3 ± 2.2 g/dL in the HIV-negative and HIV-positive groups, respectively (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: In our sample of tuberculosis patients, expectoration was less prevalent, hemoglobin levels were lower, and cavitation was less common, as was an interstitial pattern, among those co-infected with HIV than among those without HIV co-infection.