Investigation on status of dyslipidemia in Chinese females aged 35 years or above / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control status of dyslipidemia among females aged ≥35 years old across China. Methods: Participants were selected by stratified multistage random sampling method in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" National Science and Technology Support Project "Survey on the Prevalence of Important Cardiovascular Diseases and Key Technology Research in China" project. This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. A total of 17 418 females aged 35 years and over were included in the current study. The basic information such as age, medical history and menopause was collected by questionnaire. The blood lipid parameters were derived from clinical laboratory examinations. The prevalence of dyslipidemia and the rate of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia were analyzed in females aged 35 years and over. Results: The age of participants was (56.2±13.0) years old, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 33.1% (5 765/17 418). The prevalence rates of high total cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C and high LDL-C were 9.7% (1 695/17 418), 11.1% (1 925/17 418), 10.9% (1 889/17 418) and 7.3% (1 262/17 418), respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia increased with age and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in women who were not married, Han, menarche age>16 years, obesity, central obesity, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension and family history of cardiovascular disease were higher than those without such characteristics (P<0.05). There were 10 432 (59.9%) menopausal females in this cohort and prevalence of dyslipidemia of these participants was 38.8% (4 048/10 432), which was higher than that of non-postmenopausal females (24.6%, 1 717/6 986) (P<0.05). The awareness rates, treatment rates and control rates of dyslipidemia were 33.9% (1 953/5 765), 15.1% (870/5 765) and 2.5% (143/5 765) respectively among females aged 35 years and over in China. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese females aged 35 years and over is high, and its awareness, treatment, and control rates need to be optimized.

The incidence of hypertension, overweight, and obesity and relationship with cardiovascular events among middle-aged Chinese: 6 years follow-up results / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To identify the incidence of hypertension, overweight/obesity in middle-aged population in China, and explore their impact on cardiovascular events. Methods: From 2009 to 2010, 12 areas were sampled in China, and about 1 000 subjects aged 35 - 64 from each area were enrolled to collect the basic information, physical examination and blood tests were also performed. From 2016 to 2017, data from 8 835 subjects, who completed the 6 years follow-up, were analyzed.Blood pressure and body mass index(BMI) at both baseline and the follow-up, as well as incidence of hypertension, overweight and obesity, were calculated. Cox proportional hazard model was used to investigate the impacts of hypertension, overweight and obesity on cardiovascular events after adjusting confounders. Results: At the end of follow-up, both BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly compared with the baseline levels (all P<0.001). The cumulative incidence of hypertension, overweight and obesity within 6 years was 39.3%(1 146/2 918), 11.5%(406/3 544) and 4.3%(302/7 025), respectively. Compared with subjects with both normal BMI and blood pressure, people with overweight, obesity, hypertension, overweight with hypertension, and obesity with hypertension faced significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (HRs (95%CIs) were 2.394(1.130-5.073), 3.341(1.454-7.674), 6.047(2.978-12.279), 5.808(2.924-11.539) and 8.716(4.391-17.302), respectively, all P<0.05), after adjusting for other confounders. Conclusions: The incidence of overweight, obesity, and hypertension is high in middle-aged people in China. Overweight, obesity and hypertension are associated with significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events during the 6 years follow up.

Absorption and transportation characteristic of six linear furocoumarins in a model of Caco-2 cell monolayer in human intestine / 中草药

Objective: To study the absorption and transportation characteristic of xanthotoxol (1), xanthotoxin (2), imperatorin (3), isoimperatorin (4), cnidilin (5), and isopimpinellin (6), which were classified as the linear type furocoumarins, in a model of Caco-2 cell monolayers in human intestinal epithelium. Methods: Caco-2 (the human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines) cell monolayer was used as an intestinal epithelial cell model. The permeability of the six coumarins from apical side (AP side) to basolateral side (BL side) or from BL side to AP side was evaluated. The concentration of the six coumarins was measured by HPLC coupled with UV detector. Transportation parameters and permeability coefficients (Papp) were then calculated, and P app values were compared with the reported values for model compounds, Propranolol and Atenolol. Based on the absorption and transportation characteristic of coumarins 1-6, and psoralen (7), bergaptol (8), bergaptol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), bergapten (10), nodakenin (11), nodakenetin (12), decuroside V (13), umbelliferone (14), osthole (15), angelol-A (16), and angelol-B (17) in a model of Caco-2 cell monolayer, the relationship of absorption and transportation with diversed chemical structures and lipophilicity was reviewed. Results: In the Caco-2 cell monolayer model, the Papp magnitudes of the linear furocoumarins 1-6 were 10-5 cm/s in the bi-directional transport, which was identical with Propranolol. And the permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayer is mainly via passive absorption. Conclusion: The above-mentioned linear furocoumarins 1-6 are well-absorbed compounds. The results show that a significant Sigmoid dependence of permeability on 1g Papp AP→BL and 1g D at pH 7.35 of all 1-17 furocoumarins can be absorbed across intestinal epithelial cells by passive diffusion mechanism.