Morphology of saphenous nerve in cadavers: a guide to saphenous block and surgical interventions / 대한해부학회지

The knowledge about detailed morphology and relation of saphenous nerve is important to obtain successful saphenous nerve regional blocks to achieve pre- and post-operative anesthesia and analgesia, nerve entrapment treatments and to avoid damage of saphenous nerve during knee and ankle surgeries. The literature describing detailed morphology of saphenous nerve is very limited. We dissected 42 formalin fixed well embalmed cadaveric lower limbs to explore detailed anatomy, relation and mode of termination of saphenous nerve and measured the distances from the nearby palpable bony landmarks. The average distance of origin of saphenous nerve from inguinal crease was 7.89±1.42 cm, the distance from upper end of medial border of patella to saphenous nerve at that level was 8.11±0.85 cm, distance from tibial tuberosity was 7.53±0.98 cm and from midpoint of anterior border of medial malleolus was 0.45±0.14 cm. Saphenous nerve provided two infrapatellar branches at the level of mid to lower limit of patellar ligament in 90% cases. It was in close contact or adhered to great saphenous vein across the lower 2/3rd of leg lying either anterior, posterior or deep to the vein. The saphenous nerve terminated by bifurcating proximal to medial malleolus in majority of cases though no obvious bifurcation was observed in 9.52% cases. The detailed morphology, relations and the distances from palpable bony landmarks may be helpful for clinicians to achieve successful saphenous nerve block and to avoid saphenous nerve damage and related complications during orthopedic procedures.

A cadaveric study of ovarian veins: variations, measurements and clinical significance / 대한해부학회지

Congenital pouch colon with unilateral renal agenesis and monarchism

Congenital pouch colon, also known as congenital short colonor "Pouch colon syndrome", is a rare condition that occurs in association with anorectal malformations; colon is either partially or completely replaced by pouch-like dilatation and communicates with the urogenital tract by means of a fistula. This anomaly is exclusively seen in Northern parts of India with only a few cases reported from elsewhere. A 1-day old neonate was presented with abdominal distension due to lack of passage of meconium. Clinical and radiological investigations revealed ano-rectal malformation. Incidental findings were left sided renal agenesis and right sided anorchia. Laparotomy revealed congenital pouch colon which was dealt accordingly. The baby is now healthy and awaiting further reconstructive surgery. Although urogenital anomalies are not uncommon with congenital pouch colon, the finding of renal agenesis with unilateral anorchia is quite rare