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Angiogenesis is a key process in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and can provide essential material conditions for the proliferation， invasion， and metastasis of HCC cells. Inhibition of angiogenesis has become a research hotspot in the field of HCC therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine has become a potential drug for HCC therapy due to its characteristics of multiple targets and pathways， enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity， improving tumor prognosis， and prolonging survival time. Modern studies have confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the expression of angiogenic factors， upregulating the levels of anti-angiogenic factors， inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation， reducing the microvascular density of HCC tissue， and regulating related signaling pathways， and therefore， traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of HCC. By summarizing related articles in China and globally in recent years， this article analyzes the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine on inhibiting HCC angiogenesis， in order to provide certain theoretical basis and reference for the optimization of HCC treatment strategies in clinical practice.
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Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological reparative response of the liver to chronic injury and a crucial step in the progression of chronic liver disease， characterized mainly by the activation of hepatic stellate cells and diffuse deposition of extracellular matrix. Currently， there is no ideal specific drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis in clinical practice. In recent years， with the development and progress of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of liver fibrosis， TCM has been widely recognized for its significant therapeutic effect and fewer adverse reactions. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway is an important pathway that affects the formation and development of liver fibrosis. It mainly plays a role in liver fibrosis by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells， promoting their apoptosis， reducing oxidative stress in liver cells， decreasing the deposition of extracellular matrix， and enhancing liver cell autophagy. This article summarized the mechanisms by which Chinese medicinal monomers regulated the PI3K/Akt pathway to exert their effects on liver fibrosis and their synergistic effects with other signaling pathways， providing a theoretical basis and references for the development of new drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis with TCM.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the common malignant tumors of the digestive tract and seriously threatens the life of patients due to a high incidence rate， a high degree of malignancy， strong invasion and metastasis， and poor prognosis. At present， the main methods for the prevention and treatment of HCC include drugs， surgery， and interventional treatment， but all of these methods have certain adverse reactions and side effects. As an important intracellular signal transduction pathway in the human body， the JAK/STAT signaling pathway mainly exerts an anti-HCC effect by regulating cell invasion， metastasis， proliferation， growth， apoptosis， autophagy， angiogenesis， inflammation/immune response， iron metabolism， and drug resistance. Therefore， targeting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of the development and progression of HCC. Traditional Chinese medicine has attracted wide attention due to its advantages of multiple targets， pathways， components， and levels in the treatment of HCC， and many cell or animal experiments on traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC have shown that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is an important target for the prevention and treatment of HCC， with the effects of improving liver function， reducing HCC recurrence， and improving immunity. Based on this， this article analyzes the mechanism of action of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in HCC， as well as the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine monomers， traditional Chinese medicine extracts， and traditional Chinese medicine compounds on the JAK/STAT signaling pathway， in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for the prevention and treatment of HCC and the research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs.
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Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of Jiedu Huayu Tongfu prescription on intestinal homeostasis in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis with liver-gallbladder damp-heat syndrome, as well as its effect on endotoxin, inflammatory factors, and cellular immune function. Methods A total of 72 patients who attended The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to January 2021 and met the diagnostic and inclusion criteria were enrolled as subjects and then randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 36 patients in each group. In the treatment group, 2 patients were lost to follow-up, 2 patients were excluded, and 32 patients completed the study; in the control group, 2 patients were lost to follow-up, 1 patient was excluded, and 33 patients completed the study. In addition to the basic treatment including antiviral therapy and liver-protecting treatment, the patients in the observation group were given Jiedu Huayu Tongfu granules, and those in the control group were given oral administration of Bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets; the course of treatment was 4 weeks for both groups. The 16S rDNA sequencing technique was used for sequencing of fecal flora, and the two groups were measured in terms of the changes in liver function [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), and albumin (Alb)], endotoxin (ET), levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3 + T, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, and CD4 + /CD8 + ) after treatment. For normally distributed continuous data with homogeneity of variance, the paired t -test was used for comparison within each group, and the independent samples t -test was used for comparison between two groups; the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data. Results The observation group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the control group (87.5% vs 60.6%, χ 2 =-2.299, P =0.022). After treatment, both groups had significant reductions in ALT, AST, and TBil and a significant increase in Alb (all P 0.05). Conclusion Jiedu Huayu Tongfu prescription, in combination with etiological and basic treatments, can alleviate clinical symptoms, reduce liver injury, and improve cellular immune function in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis with liver-gallbladder damp-heat syndrome. Jiedu Huayu Tongfu prescription can improve the imbalance of intestinal flora by increasing the abundance of the probiotic bacteria such as Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium and the pathogenic bacteria such as Bacteroidetes and Cercozoa, and its effect in further improving liver and immune function may be associated with the regulation of intestinal microecology.
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The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear, and currently no effective drugs have been approved for the treatment of NAFLD. Polygonum cuspidatum is a natural traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of application, and studies have shown that it plays an important role in the treatment of NAFLD. This article summarizes related research findings in the active components of Polygonum cuspidatum applied in the treatment of NAFLD, and it is found that the active components of Polygonum cuspidatum can improve insulin resistance, exert an anti-oxidative stress effect, regulate lipid metabolism, improve endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alleviate inflammatory infiltration by regulating the signaling pathways including Nrf2, AMPK, NF-κB, SIRT1, and PPARα, thereby exerting a preventive and therapeutic effect on NAFLD, so as to provide a basis and ideas for developing drugs for NAFLD and exploring related mechanisms.
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Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is one of the autoimmune liver diseases, and most patients have no obvious clinical manifestations in the early stage and have reached the advanced stage when symptoms appear. Therefore, it is necessary to make a confirmed diagnosis and evaluate prognosis as early as possible. Anti-gp210 antibody is of great value in the diagnosis of PBC and the prediction of disease progression, and the detection of anti-gp210 antibody can help to optimize the PBC scoring system. This article reviews the production mechanism and detection value of anti-gp210 antibody in PBC.
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Objective To identify specific miRNAs from the differentially expressed miRNAs as diagnose marker for colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The expression levels of miRNAs in CRC and the adjacent tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and the candidate miRNAs with statistic significance were selected. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve was performed to analyse the specificity and sensitivity of miR-4770. Results A total of 102 significantly dysregulated miRNAs were identified , and 92 of them were down-regulated , 10 of them were up-regulated. The specificity of miR-4770 to discriminate moderated differentiated CRC from adjacent normal tissues was 71.43%, with the sensitivity of 95.24% and area under cure of 0.952 4. Conclusion miR-4770 can be potentially served as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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BACKGROUND:Activating transcription factor 4 is found as an activating factor that can regulate osteogenic differentiation and function, and plays a critical role in the osteogenic differentiation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression and significance of activating transcription factor 4 in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured using the whole bone marrow adherence method, and ossification revulsant was added to induce passage 3 cells. cells with no osteogenic induction served as controls. RT-PCR and western blot assay were employed to dynamical y monitor expression of activating transcription factor 4. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:RT-PCR results showed that activating transcription factor 4 mRNA expression increased with the increasing osteogenic differentiation, and peaked at day 16. Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of activating transcription factor 4 tended to increase with the increasing osteogenic differentiation, peaked at day 16 and stil maintained at a higher level at day 19. Compared with the uninduced cells, activating transcription factor 4 in the induced cells exhibited a higher expression at mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05). These findings indicate that activating transcription factor 4 expression is elevated during osteogenic differentiation, showing a positive correlation with osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
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BACKGROUND:Animal studies showed that functional early load or immediate load on immediate implant did not affect the prognosis of implant. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of immediate loading with different forces on the binding surface of immediate implant bone ossification. METHODS:Six adult healthy male dogs were selected. Al teeth (three premolars) between cuspid teeth of lower mandible and the first molar were pul ed out. One implant (OSSTEM GSII) was immediately implanted, total y 36 implants. The vertical immediate loading by device was used on the implants at 24 hours after implantation. Grouped by the loading force values:0, 10, 20 N on the left three implants of each dog from front to back, 30, 40, 50 N on the contralateral three implants of each dog, at a frequency of 1 Hz for 10 minutes every day. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was tested using resonance frequency measurement instrument (OSSTELL) at 0 day, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With increased load forces, serum osteocalcin expression increased, and peaked on 20 N, but decreased in 30 N group, and lowest in 50 N group. At 4 weeks after immediate implantation, the ISQ values were slightly less than pre-implantation in each group, especial y the 50 N group. At 8 weeks after immediate implantation, ISQ values were increased in each group to different degrees. The increased degree of the 20 N group was maximal. At 12 weeks, a peak value was detected in each experimental group. The implants could bind to bone tissues to different degrees. The range of implant-bone interface formation was positively associated with time. Results indicated that the smal force cannot impact implant-bone ossification, but promotes it in a manner, but large force value (≥ 20 N) wil affect the stability of the implant-bone ossification.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of introducing CAD/CAM system into Prosthodontics experimental teachin.MethodsStudents from Chongqing Medical University with major of Dental Department in Grade 2007 was selected.To make all students master the basic knowledge of CAD/CAM system,problem-based learning was used to teach the undergraduate grasping the CAD/CAM system of the affiliated hospital.Results 90 ％ of the students showed strong interest in learning knowledge of the CAD/CAM system.98 ％ of the students could master CAD/CAM system knowledge.ConclusionCAD/CAM system knowledge is suitable for development of prosthodontics.It is necessary that the basic knowledge of CAD/CAM was introduced into prosthodontics experimental courses.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between a mutation in the platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase gene (Arg92→His) and psoriasis. Methods Genomic DNA was analyzed in 47 patients with psoriasis and 52 healthy controls via polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results The frequency of the mutation in the PAF acetylhydrolase gene (Arg92→His) was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than that in the controls (P
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Objective:To analyze the stress magnitude and distribution of remaining dentin in posterior tooth residual root restored with post-core crown using three-dimension finite element method. And then to discuss the rational core design when repairing posterior tooth root post-core crown. Methods:The models of residual root of maxillary first molar restored with post-core crown were created by CT scanning,Mimics software and Abaqus software. Different number,length and material of post were used in the modeling. The post was cemented with zinc-phosphate cement. A load of 240 N was applied to the occlusal surface in four directions and tensile,shear,and von Mises stresses were calculated. Results:The maximum stress on remaining dentin increased markedly with increasing of loading angle. Conclusion:The loading angle have influence on magnitude and distribution of stress. The influence from loading angle is most apparent.