RESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate and compare the resistance and sensitivity of Salmonella typhi samples to commonly used antibiotics in three major divisions of Bangladesh and to evaluate the gradually developing resistance pattern.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The antibiotic susceptibility of 70 clinical isolates collected from blood, sputum, urine and pus samples were identified by specific antisera and with standard biochemical tests. The patients were divided into 5 age groups. Susceptibility and resistance was also tested by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using 12 regularly used antibiotics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Antibiotic susceptibility test demonstrated that 64.28% isolates of Salmonella typhi were multidrug resistant. Present study suggests that the clinical samples were mostly resistant against nalidixic acid with all age groups and in all three divisions with similar resistance pattern. Resistance is more common among adult people (30-40 years) and children (0-10 years). Salmonella typhi was mostly sensitive against gentamycin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although the population density of Dhaka region is markedly higher than Rajshahi and Chittagong regions, no significant difference in resistance pattern was found. The rate of multidrug resistance is a matter of concern. Physicians should reconsider before prescribing nalidixic acid and cefixime. Further molecular study is needed to reveal the genomic and proteomic basis of resistance.</p>
RESUMEN
In this study an Ayurvedic formulation Mahadraksharista was studied for its pharmacological properties using laboratory mice. There was a constant reduction in food and water intake in Mahadraksharista treated mice, consequently there was also a reduction in urine volume, stool and water content of stool. The Mahadraksharista in a significant extent reduced the intestinal motility. This reduced intestinal motility was further supported by the significant anti-diarrhoeal property of the preparation in castor oil induced diarrhoea test. The formulation markedly increased the latent period of diarrhoea and reduced the purging index value. The Mahadraksharista significantly reduced the onset of sleeping time, but had no effect on the duration of sleeping time