Research on core strength training for volleyball players / Pesquisa sobre o treinamento do core dos jogadores de voleibol / Investigación sobre el entrenamiento del core de los jugadores de voleibol

ABSTRACT Introduction: Modern exercise physiology theory states that abdominal core muscle strength plays a very important role in the completion of athletes' motor skills; the specific performance is to stabilize the athlete's center of gravity, the source of explosion and power transmission beyond his center of control. Objective: Verify the effect of an experimental training methods on the muscular strength of the abdominal core in volleyball athletes. Methods: 24 athletes were divided into an experimental group and a control group, in order to ensure that the baseline indicators of the two groups before the experiment did not show significant comparison, using independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test. Results: The average number of sit-ups of the two groups of students was 58.15 and 70.52n, respectively, the five baseline indicators of stability of the two groups were all significant, and the strength training methods in the experimental group were better than those in the control group. Conclusion: The presented experimental method helps to improve the success rate in athlete's jump. The core strength training methods used in the experimental group in jumping were superior to the traditional training methods used in the control group. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A moderna teoria da fisiologia do exercício afirma que a força muscular do core desempenha um papel muito importante na conclusão das habilidades motoras dos atletas; o desempenho específico é estabilizar o centro de gravidade do atleta, a fonte de explosão e transmissão de potência além do seu centro de controle. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito dos métodos de um treinamento experimental sobre a força muscular do core em atletas de voleibol. Métodos: 24 atletas foram divididos em grupo experimental e grupo de controle, a fim de garantir que os indicadores basais dos dois grupos antes do experimento não apresentassem comparação significativa, usando teste t de amostra independente e teste t de amostra pareada. Resultados: O número médio de sit-ups dos dois grupos de estudantes foi de 58,15 e 70,52n, respectivamente, os cinco indicadores básicos de estabilidade dos dois grupos foram todos significativos, e os métodos de treinamento da força no grupo experimental foram melhores do que os do grupo controle. Conclusão: O método experimental apresentada ajuda a melhorar a taxa de sucesso no salto do atleta. Os métodos de treinamento da força do core usados no grupo experimental em salto foram superiores aos métodos tradicionais de treinamento usados no grupo de controle. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La teoría moderna de la fisiología del ejercicio afirma que la fuerza muscular del core desempeña un papel muy importante en la realización de las habilidades motrices de los atletas; la actuación específica consiste en estabilizar el centro de gravedad del atleta, la fuente de explosión y la transmisión de potencia más allá de su centro de control. Objetivo: Verificar el efecto de los métodos de un entrenamiento experimental sobre la fuerza muscular del core en atletas de voleibol. Métodos: 24 atletas fueron divididos en un grupo experimental y un grupo de control, con el fin de garantizar que los indicadores basales de los dos grupos antes del experimento no mostraran una comparación significativa, utilizando la prueba t de muestras independientes y la prueba t de muestras emparejadas. Resultados: El número medio de sentadillas de los dos grupos de estudiantes fue de 58,15 y 70,52n, respectivamente, los cinco indicadores de estabilidad de referencia de los dos grupos fueron todos significativos, y los métodos de entrenamiento de fuerza del grupo experimental fueron mejores que los del grupo de control. Conclusión: El método experimental presentado ayuda a mejorar la tasa de éxito en el salto del atleta. Los métodos de entrenamiento del core utilizados en el grupo experimental en los saltos fueron superiores a los métodos de entrenamiento tradicionales utilizados en el grupo de control. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Silencing of HOXB9 suppresses cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells

The Homeobox B9 (HOXB9) is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that participates in the progression of various malignancies. Nevertheless, the functional role of HOXB9 in prostate cancer cells is largelyunknown. Hence, we aimed to address the effect of HOXB9 on the progression of prostate cancer cells. Smallinterfering RNA (siRNA) against HOXB9 was used to downregulate HOXB9 expression in PC3 and DU145cells. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of HOXB9 and other related proteins. Cellproliferation was tested by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated byflow cytometry. Angiogenesis was examined using tube formation assays The Transwell assays were carriedout to assess the migratory and invasive capacities of cells. Here, we found that HOXB9 knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. This treatment also reducedangiogenesis, migration and invasion abilities of PC3 and DU145 cells in vitro. We also found that HOXB9knockdown inhibits the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. In conclusion,our findings revealed that HOXB9 promotes prostate cancer progression and might be a novel and effectivetherapeutic target for human prostate cancer.

Silencing of HMGA2 promotes apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells.

The high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) has been demonstrated as an architectural transcription factor that is associated with pathogenesis of many malignant cancers; however, its role in prostate cancer cells remains largely unknown. To explore whether HMGA2 participates in the development and progression of prostate cancer, small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted on human HMGA2 was transfected to suppress the HMGA2 expression in prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cells, and then the cellular biology changes after decreased the expression of HMGA2 was examined. Our results showed that knockdown of HMGA2 markedly inhibited cell proliferation; this reduced cell proliferation was due to the promotion of cell apoptosis as the Bcl-xl was decreased, whereas Bax was up-regulated. In addition, we found that HMGA2 knockdown resulted in reduction of cell migration and invasion, as well as repressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and affected the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in both cell types. We further found that decreased HMGA2 expression inhibited the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signalling pathway in cancer cells. In conclusion, our data indicated that HMGA2 was associated with apoptosis, migration and invasion of prostate cancer, which might be a promising therapeutic target for prostate cancer.