The Change of Ginsenoside Composition in the Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Flower Buds by the Ultrasonication and Vinegar Process

The purpose of this study was to develop a new ginseng (Panax ginseng) flower buds extract with the high concentration of ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, Rh1 and F4, the Red ginseng special component. Chemical transformation from the ginseng saponin glycosides to the prosapogenin was analyzed by the HPLC. The ginseng flower buds were processed at the several treatment conditions of the ultrasonication (Oscillator 600W, Vibrator 600W) and vinegar (about 14% acidity). The result of UVGFB-480 was the butanol fraction of ginseng flower buds that had been processed with ultrasonication and vinegar for 480 minutes gained the highest amount of ginsenoside Rg5 (3.548%), Rh1 (2.037%), Rk1 (1.821%), Rg3 (1.580%) and F4 (1.535%). The ginsenoside Rg5 of UVGFB-480 was found to contain 14.3 times as high as ginseng flower buds extracts (GFB, 0.249%).

The Effect on Serum Electrolytes of Hyperventilation , Steroid and Diuretics in Brain Surgery / 대한마취과학회지

This study was performed to investigate the ranges of electrolyte changes during conventional neurosurgical anesthetic management. We selected 20 patients who were operated for brain tumor, intracranial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation randomly. All patients were received solumedrol preoperatively and managed with hyperventilation (PaCO2: 25-30 torr), solumedrol (1.0 gm), mannitol, furosemide during operation. At 30 and 60 minutes after mannitol infusion, serum electrolytes (Ka+, K+) were checked. The results were as follows: 1) Serum K+ concentration was decreased from 3.96+/-0.46 mEq/L to 3.63+/-0.40 mEq/L in 30 minutes after diuretic administration (p<0.01). 2) At 60 minutes after diuretic administration, serum K+ concentration was decreased from 3.96+/-0.46mEq/L to 3.75+/-0.37mEq/L (p<0.05) and slightly higher than 30 minutes without statistical significance. 3) Serum Na+ concentration was not significantly changed at 30 and 60 minutes after diuretic administration. In conclusion, frequent evaluation of intraoperative serm electrolytes level should be stressed to prevent distortion of it due to hyperventilation and diuretics in neurosurgical anesthetic management.