Change of Body Weight and Body ComPosition after Smoking Cessation in Males

BACKGROUND: There are very few studies on change in body composition after smoking cessation. The purpose of our study was to assess the change in body composition as well as body weight after smoking cessation in men. METHODS: The subjects were 203 men who had received health examination from May in 2000 to April in 2001 on their first visit, and then from May in 2001 to May in 2002 on their second visit, at the department of family medicine of a university hospital. They were divided into groups of non-smokers, current smokers, and former smokers by smoking status. Their past medical history, obesity indexes, smoking status, physical activity, and nutrition intake were reviewed. Body composition of the study subjects was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, nutrition intake, and physical activity as confounding factors, former smokers' body weight was significantly increased by 1.8+/-0.4 kg on second visit compared to non-smokers and current smokers. There was a significant difference in body muscle change between first and second visit, but not in body fat change among former smokers. Former smokers' body fat and muscle were significantly increased by 0.9+/-0.3 kg and 0.8+/-0.4 kg, respectively, compared to non-smokers. Former smokers' waist circumference was significantly increased by 2.5+/-0.7 cm on second visit compared with non-smokers and current smokers. CONCLUSION: In former smokers, body weight was increased by 1.8 kg after smoking cessation, which was attributed to increase of body muscle as well as body fat. Compared with non-smokers, former smokers' body muscle and fat were significantly increased on second visit.

The Association of Prostate Volume with Obesity Index

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study as to assess the impact of obesity on prostate volume by estimating prostate volume using transrectal ultrasonography in men without obesity related metabolic diseases. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 135 men (age 51.8+/-8.0 y) in whom trans-rectal ultrasonography was performed to estimate the prostate volume at an university hospital in Pusan from March 2001 to April 2002. The subjects with obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were excluded. Subjects were divided into three groups -normal, overweight, and obese- according to body mass index (BMI) and also classified into two groups -normal, central obese- according to abdominal circumference. Differences in means of prostate volume in three groups divided by BMI and two groups by abdominal circumference, respectively, were tested using ANOVA with Sheffe posthoc test and two-sample t test. The correlation between prostate volume and age, obesity index, male hormone and lifestyle factors were assessed using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Multiple logistic analysis were used to evaluate the independent factor associated with prostatic hyperplasia defined as volume more than 20 cc. RESULTS: The mean prostate volume was significantly larger in obese group than normal group (P<0.05) and in central obese group than normal group (P<0.05). The prostate volume correlated with BMI, abdominal circumference after adjusting for age. Central obesity was an independent factor affecting prostatic hyperplasia (OR=4.3, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was significantly larger prostate volume in both obese and central obese group than normal group after excluding for obesity related metabolic diseases. Although both BMI and abdominal circumference were positively correlated with the prostate volume, central obesity was the only independent factor affecting prostate hyperplasia. We suggest central obesity to be a risk factor of prostatic hyperplasia.