RESUMEN
Seasonal labor migration is a vital aspect of livelihood in rural and tribal regions of India. Females are paid less than males for the same amount of work. Contractors are unwilling to hire female menstruating laborers as menstruation and pregnancy are considered as roadblocks. The worry of hefty fines for absence pushes girls to get their uterus removed as menstruation & pregnancy may require them to pass work opportunities. This review aims to summarize the prevalence of hysterectomies among these women, and tries to understand the mindset behind the same. In 2018, 36% of female sugarcane laborers in the State had undergone a hysterectomy. While the rate of hysterectomies among women aged between 15- 49 years at the all-India level is 3.2%, the hysterectomy rate in the state of Maharashtra is 2.6%. Our findings revealed several studies and newspaper articles showing the prevalence of irrational hysterectomies among the unorganized migratory farm laborers as a result of work-related pressures, a grossly unregulated private medical sector and exploitative contractors who hire them
RESUMEN
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of mortality all over the world. Elevated serum uric acid is highly predictive of mortality in patients with heart failure or coronary artery disease. We conducted this study to assess serum uric acid levels on admission as a potential predictor of short-term mortality (7 days) in acute myocardial infarction patients. Methodology: Total of 200 patients diagnosed with the myocardial infarction (MI) in our hospital along with 200 age and gender matched controls were selected for this study. The clinical history, examination, ECG changes and biochemical markers were evaluated on day 0, 3 and 7. Association with Killips class and mortality in STEMI / NSTEMI cases was done. Results:The study had 200 cases and 200 controls. The mean age of cases was 62.54 ± 18.24 years and controls were 61.94±17.25 years. There were majority males among both cases 114 (57%) and controls 112 (56%). The patients were classified using Killip's class. Majority belong to class I 98 (49%) followed by II 42 (21%). There were 26 (13%) of class III and 34 (17%) into class IV. There is significant difference seen between uric acid levels of cases and control on day 1, 3 and 7 (p<0.001). There was 25% mortality (50 deaths) seen among the cases. There was association seen between Killips class III & IVand mortality, there was higher mortality seen in STEMI as compared to NSTEMI (i.e. p<0.05). Conclusion:Our study concludes that the serum uric acid (SUA) levels have significant association with Killip's class and mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction cases.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Diabetes is a leading chronic disease in world and number of cases are significantly increasing each year in India also. Out of many associated conditions, skin involvement in diabetes also needs to be evaluated. We conducted this study to study relation between the sugar control and skin manifestations in diabetic patients. Methodology: We studied total 100 diabetic patients visiting our dermatology OPD over a period of 1 year from January to December 2020. All skin diseases in diabetic patients were studied. We studied association of these diseases with sugar control in our study participants. Results: Mean age of our study participants was 63.48 ± 18.12 years, Majority of the males were from the age group of 61 and above, 34 (62.96%) while majority of the females were from the age group of 41-60 years 25 (54.35%). Majority of the patients had diabetes for 5-10 years (52%) followed by more than 10 years (36%) and less than 5 years in 24% cases. Out of 100 participants, 44% had controlled diabetes while rest 56% had uncontrolled diabetes with HbA1c > 6. We observed a significant difference in skin manifestations of controlled and uncontrolled sugars in diabetic patients. (p = 0.007). Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that the skin is involved in diabetes quite often. Early diagnosis and treatment of skin manifestations in diabetic patients is important to reduce unwanted morbidity and further complications in the diabetic patients.
RESUMEN
Introduction: The numbers of people affected with lifestyle related diseases are increasing every day, diabetes being one of the major contributors to the increasing morbidity and mortality in the world. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the complications of diabetes which is thought to be associated with the duration of diabetes, we conducted this study to evaluate the same. Methodology:This study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology. Total 100 cases were selected for the study and patient data was collected and analysed. Duration of diabetes and its association with diabetic retinopathy was studied. Results: There were 62 males (62%), most of the participants were more than 60 years of age (54%). Majority of the patients had diabetes for 5 to 10 years (44%) followed by 1 to 5 years (34%) and 0 – 1 year (22%). On FFAexamination, majority of the patients had no any diabetic retinopathy (52%) while rest 48 patients had retinopathy (48%). Significant association was seen between the duration of diabetes and presence of diabetic retinopathy. (p=0.002). Conclusion: We found a significant association between the duration of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. It is important that in patients with diabetes who are not diagnosed as retinopathy by ophthalmoscopy, FFA should be done.