Risk factors and microbiologic profile in catheter related urinary tract infection

To describe the consequences of uretheral catheterization in terms of the incidence of catheter related infection, duration of catheterization relation with UTI and changes in microbiologic pathogens. May 2006 to August 2006. Only 214 were included in final analysis, 28 were excluded from the study because these patients expired before the observable endpoint, these were critically ill. Adult patients in whom are indwelling foley's catheter was inserted with past 24 hours at the Emergency Room, Urology Wards, male and female surgical wards, medical wards, orthopedics wards, gynaecology wards, pediatrics wards, neurosurgery wards and ICU of Nishtar Hospital, Multan and Bakhtawar Amin Memorial Trust Hospital, Multan were included in the study. Out of 110 patients who acquired UTI, [83 single bacterial infection, 16 with pure candidal infection, 6 with double bacterial infection and 5 with both bacteria and yeast]. Majority of the isolated organisms were gram negative bacilli [66.9%]. E. coli being the most common [27] followed by Kiebsiella SP [26]. Other gram negative organisms isolated were acinetobactor SP [12], pseudomonas aeruginaosa [8], Enterobactor SP [6] and proteus Sp [2]. Ninteen [15.7%] were gram positive organisms, Enterococcus [9], coagulase negative staphococcus [7] and staphylococcus aureus [3]. Candida spieces were recovered in 17.4% of isolates. Fifty five percent of E. coli were isolated at 2 days post-catheterization while majority of the other organisms were isolated at more than 2 days after catheterization

Comparative study of tramadol and propacetamol for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing nasal surgeries

To compare the analgesic and side effects of propacetamol and tramadol after nasal surgeries. King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh [KSA]. From January 2006 to February 2007. A total number of 40 surgical patients were prospectively randomized into two equal groups of 20 and were entered into single blinded clinical trial. Anaethesta. protocol was similar for all patients. Pain intensity was measured based on a 4-point verbal rating scale [VRS]. VRS was obtained before analgesic administration [T0] and at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, Patients received either tramadol 100 mg I/V or propacetamol 2 gm I/V at T0 and then 50 mg tramadol or 1.5 gm propacetamol at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours if pain was present. The results of this study showed that propacetamol is less effective as analgesic in severe pain requiring more supplementary morphine as compared to tramadol. On the other hand tramadol is associated with higher incidence of nausea and or vomiting than with parcetamol. It was concluded from the study that propacetamol is less effective as analgesic in severe pain receiving more supplementary morphine as compared to tramadol

Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancy in world. It is most common gastrointestinal carcinoma in Saudi Arabia. Liver carcinoma was responsible for 9.1% gastrointestinal cancer in Qassim region. Aim to conduct survey in this region for the rate etiological factors and for other possible causes yet unknown. Out of 24 cases, only 6 were HBsAg positive, 7 anti-HCV positive, only 1 was positive having both HBsAg and Anti-HCV negative. None of the cases were alcoholic. In present study malignancy was slow growing, and there was relatively long survival after diagnosis. Older age group, male predominance and comparatively low levels of AFP were also dominant factors. It is concluded that HCC is one of the common malignancies in southwestern provinces of Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of hepatitis-B and C is also high in these regions

Morphologic variations of malignancies in relation to age, sex and histologic type

Regional differences in the pattern of cancer are obvious in Saudi Arabia. From January 2003 to December 2005 1106 new cases of cancer [642 males, 464 females] were diagnosed in Al-Qassim region. Overall lymphomas, non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's disease combined were the most common malignancy seen [15.10%], followed by esophageal carcinoma [7.77%]. Thyroid cancer was the most common malignancy among females [12.5%], followed by breast cancer [9.48%]. The majority of the patients were in the younger age group [77% were < 50 years of age]. Among the hematological malignancies, acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most frequent type [36.23%]. Lymphomas were also the most common malignancy [66.12%] seen in the pediatric age group [0-14 years], followed by leukemias and brain tumours. The pattern of cancer in Al-Qassim region is generally similar to other regions of Saudi Arabia, with few regional variations. Prominent among such variations is the high frequency of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], esophageal and thyroid carinomas