RESUMEN
Abstract This study evaluated the orofacial antinociceptive effect of (S)-(-)-perillyl alcohol (PA) associated with codeine (C) and investigated the possible molecular anchorage mechanisms of PA. Mice (n = 5 per group) were treated with PA alone and associated with codeine and assigned to the following groups: 75.0 mg/kg PA; 75.0 mg/kg PA + C 30 mg/kg; PA 37.5 mg/kg + C 15.0 mg/kg; C 30.0 mg/kg; and control. Nociception was induced by formalin, capsaicin, and glutamate, and was quantified based on the duration (in seconds) of face grooming. The possible mechanisms of action were evaluated by molecular docking study. In the formalin test, PA75/C30 presented an effect in the neurogenic (p < 0.0001) and inflammatory (p < 0.005) phases. Mice treated with PA75 (p < 0.0001) and PA75/C30 (p < 0.0005) showed a reduced nociceptive behavior in the capsaicin test. Glutamate-induced nociception also was blocked by PA75 (p < 0.0005) and C30 (p < 0.0005). The molecular anchorage analysis indicated high negative binding energy values for the evaluated receptors, especially glutamate receptors (AMPA -79.57 Kcal/mol, mGLUR6 -71.25, and NMDA -66.33 Kcal/mol). PA associated with codeine showed orofacial antinociceptive activity, with theoretical evidence of interaction with glutamate receptors.
RESUMEN
Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients with primary headaches attended in a tertiary neurology ambulatory.Method Authorized by the Ethics Committee, the present cross-sectional study was conducted with a random sample of patients screened for orofacial pain and primary headaches at a tertiary hospital in Northeast of Brazil.Results The sample consisted in 42 patients with primary headache, 59.5% male. The prevalence of > 6 TMD signs and symptoms was 54.8%. In those patients with migraine TMD was present in 71.4% and in tension-type headache in 38.1% (p = 0.030; OR = 4.1). TMD was related to the clinical status of headache associated or attributed to medication overuse (p = 0.001).Conclusion TMD has a high prevalence in patients with primary headaches (54.8%). Special attention must be given to patients with migraine and headache associated or attributed to medication overuse.
Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e fatores associados em pacientes com cefaleias primárias atendidos em um ambulatório de neurologia.Método Autorizado pelo Comitê de Ética, o presente estudo transversal foi conduzido com uma amostra aleatória de pacientes investigados para dor orofacial e cefaleias primárias em um hospital terciário no nordeste do Brasil.Resultados A amostra consistiu em 42 pacientes com cefaleias primárias, sendo 59,5% homens. A prevalência de > 6 sinais e sintomas de DTM foi 54,8%. Naqueles pacientes com migrânea, DTM estava presente em 71,4% e em 38,1% daqueles com cefaleia do tipo tensional (p = 0,030; OR = 4,1). DTM foi relacionada à condição clínica de cefaleia por abuso de medicamentos (p = 0,001).Conclusão A DTM é uma condição com alta prevalência em pacientes com cefaleias primárias (54,8%). Atenção especial deve ser dada a pacientes com migrânea e cefaleia por abuso de medicamentos.