Association between Education Level and Diabetes in Korean Adults Over 30 Years Old: The Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2017)

Background@#It has been reported that low education levels are associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between education level and the prevalence of diabetes. @*Methods@#This study was based on the original data of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2017). In total, 4,819 adults over 30 years of age participated in this study, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to derive the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval to assess the relationship between education level and diabetes. The influence of sex, age, obesity, depression, drinking, smoking, and occupation was analyzed to determine the net influence of education level on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. @*Results@#The level of education and prevalence of diabetes were significantly correlated. When the level of education was high, the possibility of diabetes mellitus was higher than that in university graduates (odds ratios=1.836, P<0.05); however, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was not significantly different from that in college graduates. The effect of correction variables on the prevalence of diabetes showed significant differences (P<0.05) in sex, age, obesity, and occupation. @*Conclusion@#There was a statistically significant association between the low level of education and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in this study; therefore, active intervention for diabetes is required in people with low education.

Comparison of Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in One-Person Households and Multi-Person Households

BACKGROUND: Recently, the number of one-person households has increased, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has risen in Korea. Major complications of diabetes, such as stroke and myocardial infarction are major causes of death. Therefore, we conducted this study to test the hypothesis that the risk factors and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus differ between one-person and multi-person households.METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data of 3,691 adults over 19 years old from the 7th (2016) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data were analyzed by composite sampling for age, family history, waist circumference, body mass index, hypertension, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and consumption of breakfast. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed by household-type in order to estimate the relative risk of factors associated with diabetes.RESULTS: Hypertension was a significant risk factor for diabetes in both groups. Among other diabetic risk factors, individuals in one-person households were more likely to skip breakfast and less likely to engage in physical activity than those in multi-person households.CONCLUSION: One-person households have a high risk of hypertension, skipping breakfast, and poor physical activity. It is important to consider the role of one-person households when studying the management and treatment of disease.

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Developed during Infertility Treatment in a Male Patient

No abstract available.

Adult-Onset Moyamoya Disease Manifesting as Vascular Parkinsonism

No abstract available.

Pharmacological Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke

The causes of ischemic stroke are widely diverse, ranging from large artery atherosclerosis to cardioembolism, and it is important to use preventive therapy toward the goal reducing the future risk of recurrent ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death. Antithrombotic therapy is one of the fundamental medical approaches for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, which is broadly divided into two general categories, those that exert their effect via platelet inhibition (antiplatelet agents), and those that influence various factors in the clotting cascade (anticoagulants). In general, the clinical guidelines recommend antiplatelet agents for patients with non-cardioembolic stroke, while anticoagulants is indicated for patients with presumed or proven cardioembolic stroke. Many clinical trials have attempted to test the efficacy and safety of antithrombotics in ischemic stroke. This review will discuss on currently available antithrombotic agents that have demonstrated efficacy for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.

Cyclosporine-Induced Posterior Reversible Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome With Reduced Cerebral Perfusion

Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRLS) is a disorder that is characterized by reversible white-matter edema affecting the posterior regions of the brain. There are rare cases in which cyclosporine has been cited as a medication responsible for PRLS, which causes hypoperfused ischemia by endothelial injury and vasoconstriction, with resultant vasogenic edema. A PRLS patient in whom the condition was induced by cyclosporine is described herein. Perfusion computed tomography revealed a clinically relevant hypoperfused area, including the zones of vasogenic edema.

Typical Case of Alzheimer's Disease Confirmed by Autopsy

No abstract available.

The Feasibility of Lateral Minimal Invasive Open Thyroid Lobectomy / 대한내분비외과학회지

PURPOSE: Minimal invasive open thyroidectomy is one option for minimal invasive surgery. The population of planned unilateral lobectomy is on the rise in parallel to the increased incidence of confined papillary thyroid microcarcinomas in Korea. In contrast to other minimal invasive modalities, few studies have examined the surgical outcome of minimal invasive open thyroidectomy. This study compared the lateral minimal invasive open thyroid lobectomy with conventional surgery and endoscopic surgery in terms of the feasibility and safety. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 197 patients undergoing a thyroid lobectomy between January 2001 and December 2010. One hundred and three patients underwent a lateral minimal invasive open thyroid lobectomy, 42 patients underwent conventional surgery, and 44 patients underwent endoscopic surgery. RESULTS: The hospitalization period with endoscopic surgery was 6.2 days, which was longer than the 5.3 days with a lateral minimal invasive open thyroid lobectomy (P=0.000). The surgical time was lower in those who underwent a lateral minimal invasive open thyroid lobectomy (88.2 minutes) than in those who underwent conventional surgery (107 minutes, P=0.000) or endoscopic surgery (124.1 minutes, P=0.000). In the patients with a diagnosis of malignancy, the mean number of retrieved LNs was similar in the three groups. CONCLUSION: A lateral minimal invasive open thyroid lobectomy offers advantages, such as a shorter surgical time and hospitalization period than others. This procedure can be a feasible alternative to the conventional or endoscopic approach in selected patients undergoing thyroid lobectomy.

Finite element stress analysis according to apical-coronal implant position

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of apical-coronal implant position on the stress distribution after occlusal and oblique loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cortical and cancellous bone was assumed to be isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic. The implant was apposed to cortical bone in the crestal region and to cancellous bone for the remainder of the implant-bone interface. The cancellous core was surrounded by 2-mm-thick cortical bone. An axial load of 200 N was assumed and a 200-N oblique load was applied at a buccal inclination of 30 degrees to the center of the pontic and buccal cusps. The 3-D geometry modeled in Iron CAD was interfaced with ANSYS. RESULTS: When only the stress in the bone was compared, the minimal principal stress at load Points A and B, with a axial load applied at 90 degrees or an oblique load applied at 30 degrees, for model 5. The von Mises stress in the screw of model 5 was minimal at Points A and B, for 90- and 30-degree loads. When the von Mises stress of the abutment screw was compared at Points A and B, and a 30-degree oblique load, the maximum principal stress was seen with model 2, while the minimum principal stress was with model 5. In the case of implant, the model that received maximum von Mises stress was model 1 with the load Point A and Point B, axial load applied in 90-degree, and oblique load applied in 30-degree. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: These results suggests that implantation should be done at the supracrestal level only when necessary, since it results in higher stress than when implantation is done at or below the alveolar bone level. Within the limited this study, we recommend the use of supracrestal apical-coronal positioning in the case of clinical indications.

Clinicopathological Features of Borrmann Type IV Gastric Carcinomas

PURPOSE: The prognosis of Borrmann type IV gastric cancer is poorer than that of the other gastric carcinomas. We compared the clinicopathological features of Borrmann type IV gastric cancer with those of other types of cancer and analyzed the significance of a Borrmann type IV carcinoma as a prognostic factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic features, TNM stage and survival rates of 4,389 gastric cancer patients who received surgical management at Samsung Medical Center between January 1995 and December 2004. RESULTS: Patients with a Borrmann type IV gastric carcinoma had a more advanced stage than patients with other types of gastric carcinomas at the initial diagnosis, and the curative resection rate was lower. The 5-year survival rate of patients with Borrmann type IV cancer was 20.7%, and that of patients with other types of cancer was 50.3%. The 5-year survival rate of patients with Borrmann type IV gastric carcinomas was significantly lower than that of patients with other types of gastric carcinomas at the same TNM stage. In univariate and multivariate analyses, the depth of invasion, the nodal state, distant metastasis, the TNM stage, curability and the presence of a Borrmann type IV carcinoma were independent prognostic factors in cases of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Compared to the other types of gastric carcinomas, a Borrmann type IV carcinoma has unique clinicopathological features. The prognosis should be predicated considering the differences between Borrmann type IV gastric carcinomas and other types of gastric carcinomas, and multimodal and intensive therapies are needed in patients with a Borrmann type IV gastric carcinoma.

Histopathologic changes of the craniomandibular joint after experimentally induced anterior disc displacement in rabbits

Clinicopathologic study on cysts and postoperative cyst in maxillary sinus

The efficacy of antibiotic administration in the impacted mandibular third molar extraction