Development of Nutrition Education Textbook and Teaching Manual in Elementary School

Health is easily overlooked because it doesn't be changed good or bad due to sudden effort or indifference unexpectedly but kept in daily life. Especially, schoolchildren period, an important lifetime to develop both physically and mentally needs to be helpful to promote the growth of the body and keep well-balanced mind through balanced and nourishing diet. The purpose of this study was to develop nutrition education contents for discretional activities in elementary school. The present educational contents about food and nutrition was analysed in the curriculum of elementary school. The results showed the Korean language(20.8%) included an highest ratio in educational contents about food and nutrition, the next was the courses of physical education and wise life(18.1%, each). As the educational contents about food and nutrition in the textbook were dealt with food information (20.8%), Health.Disease(15.3%), and correct dietary habits by order. We could found more contents in the text for the higher classes than for the lower classes. But the most of the contents appeared lack of structure, profundity and continuity for the systematic nutrition education in its entirety. The developed nutrition education contents for discretional activities in this study consist of korean dinning cultures and foreign dinning cultures, correct dinning etiquette, how to choose healthy food, personal sanitary and health, nutrients and food tower, and problem for children's nutrition as main subject. This six main subjects were composed of 23 subtitles. The teaching manual consisted of the educational goal, background, teaching plan and effect-evaluation plan, and the notice point for the effective lesson. The teaching plan was made for 30 hours and consisted of cooking course, singing/making lyrics, games in nutrition, debate on dietary habit, and role play etc which are oriented to practical learning. We intended to develop this program that attempts to improve in dietary habit of schoolchildren. It is because once formed an adults dietary habit is difficult to change. Schoolchildren's period is the best adjustable stage. Therefore, nutrition education in elementary stage can change to dietary habit and build the awareness of health.

The Effects of Moderate Hypothermia on the Formation of Apoptosis in Transient F degrees Cal Cerebral Ischemia Model in Rats / 대한구급학회지

BACKGROUND: Delayed neuronal injury after cerebral ischemia came major neurologic complication after stroke or cardiac arrest. Apoptosis formation after ischemia may be one of a mechanism of delayed neuronal injury. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of moderate hypothermia on apoptosis formation after one hour of middle cerebral artery degrees Cclusion in rats. METHODS: Ten Sprague-Dawley rats (300 g) were freely fed till just before operation. Anesthesia was induced with 4 vol% isoflurane in oxygen and then maintained with 2 vol% isoflurane in oxygen. Middle cerebral artery degrees Cclusion (MCAO) was induced by intraluminal monofilament nylon with blunted tip. All rats were divided randomly into two groups. In group 1 (n=5), rectal temperature was maintained at 38 degrees C. In group 2 (n=5), rectal temperature was maintained at 32 degrees C. Rectal temperature was monitored during experiment. After 60 minutes of MCAO, intraluminal monofilament was removed and all rats were returned to cages. Brain were quickly removed and cerebral hemispheres were separated after 23 hours reperfusion. Apoptosis formation were counted with TUNEL stain. RESULTS: In group 1, after 60 minutes of MCAO and 23 hours reperfusion, 51 3.6% of hipp degrees Campal neurons were TUNEL-positive stained apoptotic cells. In group 2, TUNEL-positve neurons were 26.1 6.5% and significantly less than those of group 1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sixty minutes of MCAO and 23 hours reperfusion induce hipp degrees Campal neuronal apoptosis. Moderate hypothermia of 32 degrees C reduces apoptosis of hipp degrees Campal neurons after 60 minutes of MCAO and 23 hours reperfusion.

The Development of Apoptosis and DNA Fragmentation in Transient Ischemic Model in Rats, and Roles of Dexamethasoneand Hypothermia / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Neuronal cell death after brain ischemia occurs predominately by necrosis, whereas only a minor fraction of cell death may occur through apoptosis. Authors investigated DNA fragmentation and apoptotic morphology in the brain cell to determine whether apoptosis contributes to the progression of an ischmic lesion. This study was conducted to determine the effects of dexamethasone and hypothermia on moderate brain ischemic injury by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats (220 - 280 g) were used. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. MCAO was induced by intraluminal monofilament nylon. All rats were divided randomly into three groups. In group I (n = 10), normal saline 1 ml was injected intravenously 10 minutes before MCAO. In group II (n = 10), dexamethasone 3 mg/kg was administered and in group III (n = 10), body temperature was maintained at 32degreesC. After 60 minutes of MCAO, all rats that recovered from anesthesia were returned to cages. After 24 hour reperfusion, brain tissue was quickly removed and cerebral hemispheres were separated. Lesion volumes were measured by TTC staining. TUNEL reactivity was examined in the cortical infarction lesion, and rat brain DNA was run on agarose gel electrophoresis to detect DNA fragmentation. RESULTS: Apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in the nucleus developed in the hippocampal area after transient ischemia in rats. Dexamethasone did not prevent the development of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in transient brain ischemic rats. Moderate hypothermia could prevent the development of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in transient brain ischemic rat. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis may represent a mode of ischemic cell death, and dexamethasone couldn't prevent apoptotic change in the ischemic brain insult. Moderate hypothermia (32degreesC) was a specifically effective procedure to reduce the development of apoptotic change in ischemic insults.