Knowledge and practices of mothers regarding acute respiratory infection having children below 5 years of age visiting pediatric outpatient department Bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur

Objective: The aim of study was to assess the knowledge and practices of mothers regarding ARI having children below 5 years of age, attending Pediatric outpatient department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur

Study Design: Descriptive / cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Pediatric outpatient Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from 13 May 2016 to 13 June 2016

Materials and Methods: The data was collected through a pre-formed questionnaire about knowledge of mothers regarding episodes and symptoms of ARI while last portion was about practices of mothers regarding treatment of ARI. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 13. All result was presented in percentages and in frequencies

Results: In this study 100 mothers were included, out of which 10% had poor knowledge, 72% were having satisfactory knowledge while 18% had good knowledge regarding ARI. Out of 100 mothers 23% had poor practices, 36% had satisfactory practices and 41% had good practices regarding ARI

Conclusion: The study reveals that most of the mother had satisfactory of good knowledge about ARI. Half of the mothers know all the dangerous symptoms of ARI. However, only half of the mothers had good practices regarding ARI. Utilization of health services was moderate

Factors affecting academic performance in middle school children in government and private schools of Bahawalpur

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting academic performance of middle school children in public and private sector schools of Bahawalpur City

Study Design: Descriptive / Cross sectional Study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Government Abbasia Higher Secondary Model School and Moon System of Education [private school] Bahawalpur from February 2016 to June 2016

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Middle school [7[th] and 8[th] class]. The data was collected through a pre-formed questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 15. Percentages and frequencies were calculated. Figures were made

Results: In this study 200 students were included, out of which Government Abbasia Higher Secondary Model School Bahawalpur, the students with poor academic performance were 28%, fair academic performance were 23%, good academic performance were 49% and in Moon System of Education Bahawalpur [Private School], the students with poor academic performance were 2%, fair academic performance were 23%, good academic performance were 75%. In Abbasia School academic performance of students whose fathers were Illiterate was Poor 73.4%, Fair 13.3%, Good 13.3%. Academic performance of students whose fathers had education Up to Metric was Poor 24.2%, Fair 28.8%, Good 47% and academic performance of students whose fathers had education Above Metric was Poor 5.3%, Fair 10.5%, Good 84.2%

Conclusion: Our study concluded that that parents' education, socioeconomic status and parents' assistance in homework are directly related with academic performance of students

Outcome of breast lump in females attending surgical outpatient department, Jinnah hospital Lahore

Objective: Main focus of this research was to identify the consequence of breast lump in females attending surgical outpatient department, Jinnah Hospital Lahore

Study Design: Observational / descriptive / cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: that was conducted at the Outdoor of Surgical Units of Jinnah hospital, Lahore dated 15 April 2016 to 15 May 2016

Materials and Methods: All data was collected by patients through a feedback form that was prepared according to the knowledge of patients about breast diseases. Collected data analyses was made by SPSS version 13 and results was presented in different forms like tables, frequencies and percentages of variables

Results: Total sample of 95 patients affected from breast lump taken. All the patients were divided into different age groups. 58 [61.05%] were age group between 16-35 years of age, 31 [32.63%] were between 36-55 years of age and 6[6.31%] patients were between the age group 56 years and above. In our study, 41 % patients had malignant carcinoma of the breast followed by fibroadenoma in 36% and breast accessible 15%. Most common age group suffering from carcinoma was 26-35 years of the age where it was found to be 13 [31.1%] Fibro adenoma was the most common disease of younger age group age 15-25 years of age

Conclusion: Conclusion of this study is the incidence of breast malignancy, fibro adenoma and inflammatory diseases is greater in our setup. However, there should be breast clinics screening programs so that breast cancer diagnosed at early stage. It is recommended now the surgeons managing patient's age 30 years and above with breast lump should be vigillant and cautious so that early diagnosed and management of malignant breast lump should be carried out

Frequency of hypertension among the patients attending medical outdoor at B.V.H, Bahawalpur

Objective: The purpose of the research was to find the incidence of hypertension in the patients visiting Medical OPD at B.V.H, Bahawalpur

Study Design: Observational / descriptive / cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Medical OPD, B.V.H, and Bahawalpur from 05 January 2016 to 05 April 2016

Materials and Methods: The data was collected through a pre-formed questionnaire about knowledge of patients regarding hypertension. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 17. All result was presented in percentages, frequencies, and tables

Results: Three hundred and thirty-two patients were examined during the study period with the age of 20 to 60 and above years. Among the study sample, 147[44%] were males and 185[56%] females. Maximum hypertensive patients 54[16.3%] were found among the age group of 41-50 years. Hypertension was found to be present in 57.6% males and 47.6% female having normal BMI. Most common factors associated with the presence of hypertension in our study population were "smoking", "use of ghee" and "lack of exercise". 22.5 percent of our male population smoke regularly and 39.5% female were in habit of using ghee daily. 95 [26.7%] hypertensive females and 61[21%] hypertensive males among our study population were having a family history of hypertension. Out of total type A population, 70[49.3%] were found to be hypertensive

Conclusion: In the present study, the frequency of hypertension in medical OPD patients was very high, [as 47 % of our study population was suffering from it]. Most of the patients were in 41-50 years age group

Factors responsible for post graduate resident satisfaction working in medicine, surgery and their allied departments in Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Nishtar Hospital Multan and Jinnah Hospital Lahore

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the factors responsible for Post Graduate Resident satisfaction working in medicine, surgery and allied departments in BVH, NHM, and JHL

Study Design: Observational / Descriptive / Cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in medicine, surgery and allied departments of BVH, NHM, and JHL from April to June 2016

Materials and Methods: A total of 210 participants took part in the study; there were 70 participants from each of the three hospitals. The sample was taken by Stratified proportionate sampling technique. The Post-Graduate Residents were given performed questionnaires to fill out. The data was analyzed by SPSS 13 and all results were presented in the form of frequencies, percentages, and tables

Results: All of the Post-Graduate Residents who were handed out the questionnaires responded, and therefore, the response rate was 100%. 77.2% of the Post-Graduate Residents were found to be neutral, while 22.8% were satisfied

Conclusions: Most of the Post-Graduate Residents were found to have a neutral response towards their professional satisfaction. The Post-Graduate Residents in BVH were more inclined towards a response of being professionally satisfied. The most popularly agreed upon workplace related factor was good working relations with colleagues

Oral gabapentin reduces hemodynamic response to direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation

Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation increase blood pressure [BP] and heart rate [HR]. We studied the effect of gabapentin 800 mg given orally one hour before surgery on hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Group I received 800 mg of gabapentin and Group II received placebo with sip of water one hour before the induction of anaesthesia. After standard induction technique, study variables, pulse and noninvasive BP [systolic, diastolic and mean] and HR were noted every minute for first five minutes then at 10 and 15 minutes. Relevant demographic data and study variables were recorded. Mean systolic BP with Gabapentin was lower compared to placebo but it was significant at 1min [136 +/- 22vs149 +/- 23], 2min [120 +/- 21vs136 +/- 24], 10min [107 +/- 12vs118 +/- 16] and 15 min [106 +/- 13vs116 +/- 13] after intubation [P<0.05]. Mean diastolic BP with gabapentin was significantly lower at 3min [69 +/- 15vs74 +/- 17] after intubation with P<0.05. Mean BP with gabapentin was significantly lower at 2min [91 +/- 18vs103 +/- 18], 10min [79 +/- 12vs88 +/- 13] and 15 min [79 +/- 14vs86 +/- 12] after intubation at P<0.05. Decrease in HR with gabapentin was significant at 10min [92 +/- 15vs101 +/- 18] and 15 min [87 +/- 14vs99 +/- 16] after intubation [p<0.05]. Oral gabapentin decreases the response to laryngoscopy and intubation on systolic BP at 2 min and 15 min; mean arterial pressure at 2, 10 and 15 min and HR at 10 and 15 min following laryngoscopy