RESUMEN
Objective：The Clinical Trunk Control Test (CTCT) is used to assess trunk function worldwide, particularly for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), with good reliability and validity. In Japan, trunk function evaluation methods specialized for patients with SCI are scarce. The aim of the present study was to create a Japanese version of CTCT (CTCT-J) and verify its reliability.Methods：CTCT-J was created using the double-back translation format. The inter-rater reliability was calculated based on the total CTCT-J score and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each item. The weighted kappa coefficient was calculated for each subtest. To verify internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for the CTCT-J total score and each item.Results：We enrolled 12 patients with SCI, including ten men and two women, with an average age of 51.9 ± 17.8 years. Nine and three patients had cervical and thoracic SCI, respectively. The ICC for inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.995 to 1.000 (p ＜0.05). The weighted kappa coefficient for each subtest ranged from 0.756 to 1.000 (p ＜0.05). In the internal consistency test, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all items was 0.995 (p ＜0.05).Conclusion：We created the CTCT-J with double back translation and verified its reliability. Good inter-rater reliability and internal consistency were observed, indicating its applicability in Japan.
RESUMEN
Objective：The Clinical Trunk Control Test (CTCT) is used to assess trunk function worldwide, particularly for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), with good reliability and validity. In Japan, trunk function evaluation methods specialized for patients with SCI are scarce. The aim of the present study was to create a Japanese version of CTCT (CTCT-J) and verify its reliability.Methods：CTCT-J was created using the double-back translation format. The inter-rater reliability was calculated based on the total CTCT-J score and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each item. The weighted kappa coefficient was calculated for each subtest. To verify internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for the CTCT-J total score and each item.Results：We enrolled 12 patients with SCI, including ten men and two women, with an average age of 51.9 ± 17.8 years. Nine and three patients had cervical and thoracic SCI, respectively. The ICC for inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.995 to 1.000 (p ＜0.05). The weighted kappa coefficient for each subtest ranged from 0.756 to 1.000 (p ＜0.05). In the internal consistency test, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all items was 0.995 (p ＜0.05).Conclusion：We created the CTCT-J with double back translation and verified its reliability. Good inter-rater reliability and internal consistency were observed, indicating its applicability in Japan.
RESUMEN
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has been a well-established rehabilitative method for upper limb paralysis in patients post-stroke. In recent years, its application to lower limb paralysis (Lower limb CIMT, L-CIMT) has been reported. However, the reported intensive lower limb trainings do not seem enough to target behavioral modifications in an individual's daily life. In this study, we investigated the effects of L-CIMT including the transfer package to induce behavioral transformation in normal daily life of patients with lower limb paralysis. The L-CIMT including the transfer package was administered to three patients with chronic-phase stroke without any constraint on the healthy lower limb for 3.5 hours a day, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. As a result, standing balance and walking ability were improved immediately and within 6 months after the intervention, respectively. All three cases experienced increased daily opportunities for standing and walking. We believe that L-CIMT including the transfer package can bring both short- and long-term improvements in standing balance and walking ability. This can lead to an increase in the frequency of standing and walking in daily living, along with an expanded range of action in ADL and IADL in patients with chronic-phase stroke.
RESUMEN
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has been a well-established rehabilitative method for upper limb paralysis in patients post-stroke. In recent years, its application to lower limb paralysis (Lower limb CIMT, L-CIMT) has been reported. However, the reported intensive lower limb trainings do not seem enough to target behavioral modifications in an individual's daily life. In this study, we investigated the effects of L-CIMT including the transfer package to induce behavioral transformation in normal daily life of patients with lower limb paralysis. The L-CIMT including the transfer package was administered to three patients with chronic-phase stroke without any constraint on the healthy lower limb for 3.5 hours a day, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. As a result, standing balance and walking ability were improved immediately and within 6 months after the intervention, respectively. All three cases experienced increased daily opportunities for standing and walking. We believe that L-CIMT including the transfer package can bring both short- and long-term improvements in standing balance and walking ability. This can lead to an increase in the frequency of standing and walking in daily living, along with an expanded range of action in ADL and IADL in patients with chronic-phase stroke.