Prevalence of low bone mass and changes in vitamin D levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults unexposed to antiretrovirals

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of low bone mass is 3 times higher in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and using antiretrovirals than in the HIV-unaffected population. Changes in vitamin D levels is one of the factors associated with decreased bone mass. The objective of this study is to evaluate the low bone mass and altered vitamin D levels in PLWH who have not been exposed to antiretrovirals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with HIV-infected individuals between the ages of 18 and 55 years immediately prior to the start of antiretroviral therapy in a specialized reference center focusing on infectious and parasitic diseases. Results of clinical examination (patient's weight, height, blood pressure, and clinical history), laboratory tests, and X-ray absorptiometry, were collected. RESULTS: Sixty patients were included, with a mean age of 34 years. Nine (16.7%) patients presented with low bone mass and 4 (7.1%) patients showed low total femur BMD. Analysis revealed that 23.3% and 36.7% of the patients had deficient and insufficient levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study population presented with compromised bone health and with low bone mineral density and 25-(OH)-vitamin D levels.

Alterações metabólicas e estimativa de risco cardiovascular em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS doze meses após o início da TARV / Metabolic changes and estimating cardiovascular risk of people living with HIV/AIDS twelve months after the start of HAART

A incidência de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) chega a ser duas vezes maior em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) devido aos danos pró-inflamatório causado pelo vírus e efeitos tóxicos de antirretrovirais incluindo as dislipidemias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi acompanhar o risco de DCV e marcadores metabólicos em PVHA. Trata-se de estudo longitudinal realizado antes e após 12 meses de inicio de antirretrovirais. Coletou-se variáveis socioeconômicas, clínicas, antropométricas e laboratoriais, e calculou-se escores de Framingham e PROCAM. Utilizaram-se os testes de Wilcoxon, T-Student e Qui-Quadrado na comparação das variáveis. A amostra basal deste estudo foi composta por 91 PVHA. Desses, 85% eram homens com mediana de idade igual a 31 anos e 94,5% declararam não ter história pregressa de dislipidemias. Foi observado aumento nos níveis de colesterol total (p0,05). Portanto, para a definição de risco real de DCV nesta população temos que considerar a inclusão de outras variáveis como alguns biomarcadores e, ainda, a mensuração ultrassonográfica da camada íntima carotídeas. Sendo assim, o cuidado compartilhado com outras áreas da saúde como nutricionistas e educadores físicos visando estimular a mudança de estilo de vida, pode qualificar o acompanhamento de PVHA reduzindo a incidência de eventos não infecciosos. (AU)

The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is up to twice as high in people living with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA) because of the proinflammatory damage caused by the virus and antiretroviral toxicities including dyslipidemias. The objective of this study was to monitor the risk of CVD and metabolic markers in PLWHA. This is a longitudinal study before and after 12 months of antiretroviral beginning. They were collected socioeconomic, clinical, anthropometric and laboratory variables, and calculated scores of Framingham and PROCAM. They used the Wilcoxon paired tests, T-Student and Chi-square partition in the comparison of variables. The baseline sample was composed of 91 PLWHA. Of these, 85% were male with median age 31 years and 94.5% did not have a history of dyslipidemia. There was an increase in total cholesterol levels (p 0.05). Therefore, to define real risk of CVD in this population we have to consider the inclusion of other variables as some biomarkers, and also ultrasound measurement of carotid intima layer. Thus, the shared care with other health areas as physical nutritionists and educators to stimulate the change of lifestyle, can qualify PLWHA monitoring reducing the incidence of non-infectious events. (AU)