Artifacts in optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography [OCT] is now an integral part of management for numerous retinal diseases for diagnosis, treatment planning and follow up. OCT interpretation must involve the understanding of the associated artifacts. These artifacts can mislead physicians to wrong diagnosis or inappropriate management. This review article discusses the various types of artifacts in OCT scans obtained from various devices in various retinal diseases. This article would help to improve the understanding about the various artifacts and their clinical importance

Morphological and Functional Correlates in Goldmann-Favre Syndrome: A Case Series

The purpose of this study is to describe the correlation of findings between results from spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and microperimetry in a case series regarding patients with Goldmann-Favre syndrome. Goldmann-Favre syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary vitreo-retinal degeneration that impacts the functionality of vision in subjects. Three men with this condition were assessed and subjected to microperimetry and SD-OCT. Two of the men were brothers. This study finds that the retinoschisis and macular cystoid changes noted in the SD-OCT matched the scotomas revealed by the microperimetry. The findings of each of the individual cases are reported herein.

Prevalence of myopia and its association with diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type II diabetes mellitus: a population-based study

To report the prevalence of myopia and its association with diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type II diabetes mellitus and compare the diabetic retinopathy status in the myopic group vs the emmetropic group. Population-based study. The population-based study estimated the prevalence of myopia from 1058 subjects, who were more than 40 years old and had type II diabetes mellitus; the patients were enrolled from a cross-sectional study. Participants answered a detailed questionnaire and underwent biochemical, physical and comprehensive ocular examination which included grading of nuclear sclerosis by lens opacities classification system III [LOCS III], seven field fundus photography and ultrasonography. Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic maculopathy were graded using the Klein's classification and early treatment diabetic retinopathy study [ETDRS] criteria respectively. The prevalence of mild, moderate and high myopia in type 2 diabetes was 15.9, 2.1 and 1.9% respectively. The prevalence of any myopia was found to be 19.9% in our study population. After adjusting the age, gender, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c and other factors, increasing age was associated with mild and moderate myopia [OR 1.11 [95% CI 1.05 - 1.18]]. Compared to emmetropia, complete posterior vitreous detachment [CPVD] was associated with high myopia [50% Vs 12.2%, P < 0.0001]. Myopia had no association with diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was found to be 19.9 and 1.9% respectively among subjects with type II diabetes. Myopia was not associated with diabetic retinopathy, thereby, suggesting the need for a longitudinal study