RESUMEN
Beauty and aesthetics are subjective phenomenon. In orthodontics, beauty is collaborated with function and a compromised function is known to lead towards detrimental effects in the long term. The measurement of aesthetics in orthodontics is through the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need [IOTN]. This is a universal scale which is easy to use for all professionals dealing with child care. A cross-sectional validation study was conducted in the dental clinics of Karachi at Aga Khan University Hospital, Jinnah Medical and Dental College and Fatima Jinnah Dental College on a sample size of 17 professionals from July to August 2012. Each subject was shown a set of 32 pictures which they scored against the aesthetic component of the IOTN. The principal investigator assessed the normative score from the study casts using the IOTN-DHC. Data collected was analyzed using Kruskal- Wallis, Bland- Altmann, Paired sample t- test and Kappa Cohen's. Intra examiner reliability was assessed using Spearman's correlation. The sample size consisted of 24% males [mean age 28.25 +/- 2.06 years], and 76% females [[mean age 31.92 +/- 9.19 years]. A statistically significant difference was obtained between orthodontists', pedodontists' and restorative dentists perception for a single image [p- value 0.005]. Similarly a difference in perception of the three groups with normative need [p- value- 0.002 [orthodontists], 0.03 [pedodontists], 0.05 [restorative dentists]]; was also obtained.o There is no significant difference in perception between orthodontists, pedodontists and restorative dentists. Orthodontists, pedodontists and restorative dentists overestimate the patients' pretreatment condition as compared to normative treatment need
RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to determine any significant difference in nasal profiles amongst subjects in sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns in a sample Pakistani population, and to determine gender dimorphism if any. The sample was divided into three sagittal and groups, namely skeletal Class I, II, and III, and three vertical groups, namely, normo-divergent, hypo-divergent and hyper-divergent vertical skeletal patterns. On way ANOVA was used to find any difference in nasal profiles amongst vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns, and to assess gender dimorphism, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between Skeletal Class I, II and III for naso-labial angle, naso-mental angle and soft tissue facial convexity. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were also obtained between males and females for nasal length, nasal depth, columella convexity and nasal bone length. Statistically significant differences were observed for nasal depth 2 and naso-labial angle in the vertical groups. Skeletal Class I, II, and III subjects have different nasal profiles. Nasal profiles are significantly different for males and females; hence it should be taken into consideration while planning ideal treatment for patients. Different vertical patterns are also associated with different nasal forms. It is recommended that further research be done to establish norms in our population for nasal profile