Analysis on the current situation of clinical blood fees exemption for blood donors and their family members in Henan / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the current situation of direct exemption of clinical blood fess for voluntary blood donors and their family members in Henan Province, in order to improve and fully implement the policy. 【Methods】 According to the policy on blood fees exemption issued by China and Henan Province in 2019,the data of hospitals in 18 prefecture-level cities in Henan from 2020 to 2021 were continuously collected from the system of clinical blood fees exemption,including the way of exemption,the number of people (times) of exemption,exemption amount, the proportion of blood fees exemption and the total exemption rate. The experience gained in the past two years after the implementation of the policy was summarized,and the existing problems and causes were analyzed. 【Results】 The rates of direct exemption of blood fees in Henan Province in 2020 and 2021 were 34.53% (8 709/25 221) and 71.68%(23 587/32 906) (P<0.05) ,respectively. In 2021, the direct exemption rate of blood fees in 18 cities was 6.20% (83/1 370) to 88.50% (1 332/1 505) [ (47.35±41.15)%],and increased month by month from 43.19% (1 183/2 507) in January to 83.15% (2 097/2 522) in August, then remained stable at a similar level to August from September to December, with 83.43% (2 744/3 289) in December as the highest for the year. 【Conclusion】 The implementation of the policy of blood fees exemption showed significant effectiveness, which has effectively promoted the development of voluntary blood donation in Henan. However, there is still room for improving the policy in some cities, which is expected to further increase the direct exemption rate of the city and the whole province.

The best practice for microbiome analysis using R

With the gradual maturity of sequencing technology, many microbiome studies have published, driving the emergence and advance of related analysis tools. R language is the widely used platform for microbiome data analysis for powerful functions. However, tens of thousands of R packages and numerous similar analysis tools have brought major challenges for many researchers to explore microbiome data. How to choose suitable, efficient, convenient, and easy-to-learn tools from the numerous R packages has become a problem for many microbiome researchers. We have organized 324 common R packages for microbiome analysis and classified them according to application categories (diversity, difference, biomarker, correlation and network, functional prediction, and others), which could help researchers quickly find relevant R packages for microbiome analysis. Furthermore, we systematically sorted the integrated R packages (phyloseq, microbiome, MicrobiomeAnalystR, Animalcules, microeco, and amplicon) for microbiome analysis, and summarized the advantages and limitations, which will help researchers choose the appropriate tools. Finally, we thoroughly reviewed the R packages for microbiome analysis, summarized most of the common analysis content in the microbiome, and formed the most suitable pipeline for microbiome analysis. This paper is accompanied by hundreds of examples with 10,000 lines codes in GitHub, which can help beginners to learn, also help analysts compare and test different tools. This paper systematically sorts the application of R in microbiome, providing an important theoretical basis and practical reference for the development of better microbiome tools in the future. All the code is available at GitHub github.com/taowenmicro/EasyMicrobiomeR.

Short- and mid-term effectiveness of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for post-traumatic arthritis of knee / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the short- and mid-term effectiveness of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) of knee.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 30 patients with PTA of unilateral knee between March 2014 and September 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 males and 16 females with an average of 64.5 years (range, 33-81 years). The average body mass index was 26.7 kg/m 2 (range, 19.8-35.6 kg/m 2). The types of injuries that caused PTA included intra-articular fracture in 16 cases, extra-articular fracture in 8 cases, and soft tissue injury in 6 cases. The initial injuries were treated by conservative therapy in 12 cases and by surgical therapy in 18 cases. Ten cases were medial compartment osteoarthritis and 20 cases were lateral compartment osteoarthritis. According to Kellgren-Lawrence staging, there were 19 cases of grade Ⅲ and 11 cases of grade Ⅳ. The operative time, the length of hospital stay, complications, and subjective satisfaction were recorded. The Oxford Knee Function Score (OKS), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, and knee range of motion (ROM) were used to evaluate knee function. Weight-bearing X-ray films were taken to measure the femoro-tibial angle (FTA) and to assess alignment correction of the lower limb.@*RESULTS@#The operative time ranged from 50 to 95 minutes (mean, 63.7 minutes), the length of hospital stay ranged from 3 to 8 days (mean, 6.9 days). Superficial infection occurred in 2 patients, while the remaining incisions healed by first intention. There was no deep vein thrombosis or neurovascular injury. All patients were followed up 17-109 months (median, 70 months). At last follow-up, OKS score, HSS score, and ROM in 30 cases significantly improved when compared with those before operation (P<0.05). Lower limb alignment was significantly corrected and there was significant difference in FTA of the varus and valgus knees between pre- and post-operation ( P<0.05). The patient satisfaction rate was 86.7% (26/30). Two cases developed contralateral osteoarthritis progression during follow-up. No bearing dislocation, prosthesis loosening or sinking occurred and none required further revision.@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with PTA of knee, UKA can obtain definite short- and mid-term effectiveness with high patient satisfaction.

Analysis of blood donor pre-donation deferral in Zhengzhou / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To identify low-risk donor population and optimize blood screening, recruitment and consultation strategies via retrospectively analyzing the unqualified results of Hb, ALT, HBsAg, TP before whole blood donation from 2015 to 2018. 【Methods】 Pre-donation examinations of Hb, ALT, HBsAg and TP were conducted by copper sulfate method, dry chemical method, and TPPA etc. 【Results】 A total of 70 146 out of 685 469 blood donors in Zhengzhou city from 2015 to 2018 were deferred due to unqualified pre-donation. The unqualified rates of Hb, ALT, HBsAg and TP were 1.75%(11 996/685 469), 7.78%(53 329/685 469), 0.60%(4 113/685 469) and 0.10%(685/685 469), respectively. For Hb deferral, 2.5%(17 137/685 469) were male and 97.5%(668 332/685 469)female; for ALT deferral, 85.9%(588 818/685 469) male and 14.1%(96 651/685 469) female. 【Conclusion】 The causes of pre-donation deferral in whole blood donors were mainly ALT, then Hb. Hb deferral showed an increasing trend and dominated by female donors, while ALT deferral was dominated by male donors. The overall unqualified rate of ALT, HBsAg and TP, however, are decreasing year by year through taking targeted measures, strengthening the publicity and education of blood donation, standardizing the blood collection and supply process.

A Rapid Protocol for Screening Genetically Modified Soybeans Based on Positive Plasmid Molecule Containing Multiple Targets / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Recently we witness the rising number of genetically modified (GM) soybean (Glycine max) events approved for importing from abroad and developed domestically, so it is urgent to establish a rapid screening protocol that can cover more events with less detection targets and fit the national condition. Additionally, in order to control the detection workload, it is also necessary to construct a multi-targets plasmid (MTP) molecule that can be used as the positive material. In this study, the information of the transgenic elements in 29 GM soybean events was collected and the combinations and frequencies of these elements were analyzed, to establish a novel screening protocol. It includes eight detecting targets, CaMV 35S promoter (P-35S), NOS terminator (T-nos), herbicide tolerance gene pat, E9 terminator (T-E9), insecticidal gene cry1Ac, AHAS promoter (P-AHAS), pin Ⅱ terminator (T-pin Ⅱ), and the event-specific sequence of the transgenic event DP305423, and an endogenous reference gene of soybean Lectin. After validation, the 29 GM soybean events described above can be screened by detection of the nine targets. This is referred to as the “8+1” protocol for GM soybean screening. Then these targeted sequences described in the protocol were simultaneously inserted into a cloning vector to construct the corresponding MTP pDDSC-1910. Finally, we tested whether it could be a positive plasmid. As expected, PCR analysis using pDDSC-1910 as a template showed that specific amplicons were observed with high sensitivity. Therefore, the “8+1” screening protocol for GM soybean was established, and the positive plasmid molecule pDDSC-1910 containing corresponding targets was successfully constructed. These results would facilitate the efficient screening and detection of transgenic soybeans.

Risk of Death in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Multi-morbidities of Metabolic Syndrome: A Retrospective Multicohort Analysis / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#The prevalence of multi-morbidities with colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be increasing. Particularly prognosis of CRC patients co-diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) was largely unknown. We aimed to examine the death risk of CRC patients according to the multiple MetSyn morbidities. @*Materials and Methods@#We identified CRC patients with MetSyn from the electronic medical records (EMR) systems in five independent hospitals during 2006-2011. Information on deaths was jointly retrieved from EMR, cause of death registry and chronic disease surveillance as well as study-specific questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the overall and CRC-specific hazards ratios (HR) comparing MetSyn CRC cohort with reference CRC cohort. @*Results@#A total of 682 CRC patients in MetSyn CRC cohort were identified from 24 months before CRC diagnosis to 1 month after. During a median follow-up of 92 months, we totally observed 584 deaths from CRC, 245 being in MetSyn cohort and 339 in reference cohort. Overall, MetSyn CRC cohort had an elevated risk of CRC-specific mortality (HR, 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.90) and overall mortality (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.84) compared to reference cohort after multiple adjustment. Stratified analyses showed higher mortality risk among women (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.27) and specific components of MetSyn. Notably, the number of MetSyn components was observed to be significantly related to CRC prognosis. @*Conclusion@#Our findings supported that multi-morbidities of MetSyn associated with elevated death risk after CRC. MetSyn should be considered as an integrated medical condition more than its components in CRC prognostic management.

Risk of Death in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Multi-morbidities of Metabolic Syndrome: A Retrospective Multicohort Analysis / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#The prevalence of multi-morbidities with colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be increasing. Particularly prognosis of CRC patients co-diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) was largely unknown. We aimed to examine the death risk of CRC patients according to the multiple MetSyn morbidities. @*Materials and Methods@#We identified CRC patients with MetSyn from the electronic medical records (EMR) systems in five independent hospitals during 2006-2011. Information on deaths was jointly retrieved from EMR, cause of death registry and chronic disease surveillance as well as study-specific questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the overall and CRC-specific hazards ratios (HR) comparing MetSyn CRC cohort with reference CRC cohort. @*Results@#A total of 682 CRC patients in MetSyn CRC cohort were identified from 24 months before CRC diagnosis to 1 month after. During a median follow-up of 92 months, we totally observed 584 deaths from CRC, 245 being in MetSyn cohort and 339 in reference cohort. Overall, MetSyn CRC cohort had an elevated risk of CRC-specific mortality (HR, 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.90) and overall mortality (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.84) compared to reference cohort after multiple adjustment. Stratified analyses showed higher mortality risk among women (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.27) and specific components of MetSyn. Notably, the number of MetSyn components was observed to be significantly related to CRC prognosis. @*Conclusion@#Our findings supported that multi-morbidities of MetSyn associated with elevated death risk after CRC. MetSyn should be considered as an integrated medical condition more than its components in CRC prognostic management.

DNA Barcode Technology and Its Application Prospects in Forensic Medicine / 法医学杂志

Traditional species identification has gone through five stages -- morphology, cytology, biochemistry, immunology and molecular biology. At present, the use of DNA technology for species identification has become a research hotspot. In the use of DNA for species identification, the presentation and application of DNA barcode is of epoch-making significance. With the successful application of new technology in species identification, forensic species identification has also made corresponding development, and is expected to play an important role in forensic related fields. This paper briefly describes the general situation and principles of DNA barcode technology as well as its advantages and limitations when applied to biological classification, and discusses the future significance and feasibility of DNA barcode technology in forensic applications, in order to provide new ideas for future forensic identification.

Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism of Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate in the Chinese population / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study the relationship between Sonic hedgehog (Shh) associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P), and to explore the risk factors of cleft lip and/or palate. Many studies suggest that the pathogenesis of NSCL/P could be related to genes that control early development, in which the Shh signaling pathway plays an important role.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood was collected from 197 individuals (100 patients with NSCL/P and 97 healthy controls). Haploview software was used for haplotype analysis and Tag SNP were selected, based on the population data of Han Chinese in Beijing of the international human genome haplotype mapping project. A total of 27 SNP were selected for the 4 candidate genes of SHH, PTCH1, SMO and GLI2 in the Shh signaling pathway. The genotypes of 27 SNP were detected and analyzed by Sequenom mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed by chi-squared test and an unconditional Logistic regression model.@*RESULTS@#The selected SNP basically covered the potential functional SNP of the target genes, and its minimum allele frequency (MAF) was >0.05: GLI2 73.5%, PTCH1 91.0%, SMO 100.0%, and SHH 75.0%. It was found that the genotype frequency of SNP (rs12674259) located in SMO gene and SNP (rs2066836) located in PTCH1 gene were significantly different between the NSCL/P group and the control group. Linkage disequilibrium was also found on 3 chromosomes (chromosomes 2, 7 and 9) where the 4 candidate genes were located. However, in the analysis of linkage imbalance haplotype, there was no significant difference between the disease group and the control group.@*CONCLUSION@#In China, NSCL/P is the most common congenital disease in orofacial region. However, as it is a multigenic disease and could be affected by multiple factors, such as the external environment, the etiology of NSCL/P has not been clearly defined. This study indicates that Shh signaling pathway is involved in the occurrence of NSCL/P, and some special SNP of key genes in this pathway are related to cleft lip and/or palate, which provides a new direction for the etiology research of NSCL/P and may provide help for the early screening and risk prediction of NSCL/P.

Altered expression of RCAN1/CaNA in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and pentylenetetrazol-induced rats model / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the expression of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) regulator and calcineurin A (Ca-NA) in brain tissue of temporal lobe (TLE) epilepsy patients and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced rat model. Methods Cortical samples from 18 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were collected as epilepsy group and corti-cal samples from 11 patients with brain trauma were used as control group. 30 SD rats were randomly divided into model control group (MC) and PTZ group. The expression of RCAN1 and CaNA in human brain cortex,rat cortex and rat hippocampus were detected by Western blot and Immunohistochemistry assay. The location analysis of RCAN1 was detected by immunofluorescence. Moreover,co-immunoprecipitation was used to test whether there was an interaction between RCAN1 and CaNA. Results RCAN1 mainly located in neuronal cytomembrane.The expres-sion of RCAN1 was down-regulated and expression of CaNA was up-regulated both in the epileptic patients and epi-leptic rats (P<0.01). RCAN1 interacted with CaNA. Conclusions Decreased expression of RCAN1 and increased expression of CaNA indicate that RCAN1 may be involved in the epileptogenesis by regulating CaNA.

Effect of Xingnao Jieyu Decoction on the function of Notch/Hes signaling pathway in hippocampus of rats with post-stroke depression / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the effect of Xingnao Jieyu Decoction on the function of Notch/Hes signaling pathway in hippocampus of rats with post-stroke depression (PSD).Methods A total of 80 healthy male specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,prozac group and Xingnao Jieyu Decoction group;20 rats in each group.The rats in the model group,prozac group and Xingnao Jieyu Decoction group were used to prepare the cerebral ischemia model by middle cerebral artery occlusion method,and then the rats were used to prepare the depressive model by a variety of chronic unpredictable stimuli.The rats in the control group did not have any intervention.After the preparation of PSD model,the rats in the control group and model group were given saline 2.5 mL by intragastric administration,the rats in prozac group were given prozac 2.5 mL (1.8 mg · kg-1) by intragastric administration,the rats in Xingnao Jieyu Decoction group were given Xingnao Jieyu Decoction 2.5 mL (150.0 mg · kg-1) by intragastric administration;one times daily for 28 days.Ten rats in each group were sacrificed immediately on the nineteenth and twenty-eighth day of drug intervention,and the hippocampus tissues were isolated.The expression of Notch and Hes mRNA and protein in hippocampus were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot method.The open probability,current amplitude,opening time and closing time of Notch signaling pathway were detected by patch clamp technique.Results On the nineteenth and twenty-eighth day of drug intervention,the expression of Notch and Hes protein and mRNA in hippocampus of rats in the model group,prozac group and Xingnao Jieyu Decoction group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the expression of Notch and Hes protein and mRNA in hippocampus of rats in the prozac group and Xingnao Jieyu Decoction group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.05);the expressions of Notch and Hes protein and mRNA in hippocampus of rats in the Xingnao Jieyu Decoction group was significantly higher than that in the prozac group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in Notch and Hes protein and mRNA expression in hippocampus of rats between the nineteenth and twenty-eighth day of drug intervention (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of Notch and Hes protein and mRNA in hippocampus of rats on the twenty-eighth day was significantly higher than that on the nineteenth day in the model group,prozac group and Xingnao Jieyu Decoction group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the open probability and current amplitude of Notch signaling pathway in hippocampus of rats increased significantly,the opening time prolonged significantly,and the closing time shortened significantly in the model group,prozac group and Xingnao Jieyu Decoction group on the nineteenth and twenty-eighth day of drug intervention (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,the open probability and current amplitude of Notch signaling pathway in hippocampus of rats increased significantly,the opening time prolonged significantly,and the closing time shortened significantly in the prozac group and Xingnao Jieyu Decoction group on the nineteenth and twenty-eighth day of drug intervention (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the prozac group,the open probability and current amplitude of Notch signaling pathway in hippocampus of rats increased significantly,the opening time prolonged significantly,and the closing time shortened significantly in the Xingnao Jieyu Decoction group on the nineteenth and twenty-eighth day of drug intervention (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the open probability,current amplitude,opening time and closing time of Notch signaling pathway between the nineteenth and twenty-eighth day of drug intervention in the control group(P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the nineteenth day of drug intervention,the open probability and current amplitude of Notch signaling pathway in hippocampus of rats increased significantly,the opening time prolonged significantly,and the closing time shortened significantly on the twenty-eighth day of drug intervention in the model group,prozac group and Xingnao Jieyu Decoction group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Xingnao Jieyu Decoction can mediate the activation of Notch / Hes signaling pathway in hippocanpus of PSD rats,thus effectively promote the recovery of neurological function.Notch/Hes signaling pathway is expected to be an important target for drug action.

Development of a mouse model of arecoline-induced oral mucosal fibrosis

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a BALB/c mouse model of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) induced by arecoline and to exhibit an accumulation of collagen and angiogenesis changes.@*METHODS@#BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to either the control (distilled water) or experimental group (arecoline) (n = 40). Eight mice from each group were sacrificed every 4 weeks since 8 weeks post treatment. Changes in histopathologic features, levels of collagen type I and collagen type III, and angiogenesis were measured.@*RESULTS@#In the 8th week, epithelium atrophy, collagen cumulation and micrangium pathologic changes in the lamina propria were observed in the oral mucosa. In the 20th week, hyaline degeneration of the connective tissues was observed on the tongue and palate mucosa. The angiogenesis and collagen type I changed significantly as the diseases advanced (P < 0.05); however, collagen type III was not statistically different.@*CONCLUSIONS@#An OSF model involving mice can be rapidly induced by drinking a high-dose of arecoline. OSF angiogenic changes in mice primarily decrease and collagen accumulation is mainly collagen type I.

Effect of integrated Chinese and Western medicine therapy on severe hand, foot and mouth disease: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine (CM) plus Western medicine (WM) in the treatment of pediatric patients with severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) by conducting a prospective, controlled, and randomized trial.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 451 pediatric patients with severe HFMD were randomly assigned to receive WM therapy alone (224 cases, WM therapy group) or CM [Reduning Injection ( ) or Xiyanping Injection ()] plus WM therapy (227 cases, CM plus WM therapy group) for 7-10 days, according to a web-based randomization system. The primary outcome was fever clearance time, which was presented as temperature decreased half-life time. The secondary outcomes included the rate of rash/herpes disappearance within 120 h, as well as the rate for cough, runny nose, lethargy and weakness, agitation or irritability, and vomiting clearance within 120 h. The drug-related adverse events were also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The temperature decreased half-life time was 40.4 h in the WM therapy group, significantly longer than 27.2 h in the CM plus WM therapy group (P<0.01). Moreover, the rate for rash/herpes disappearance within 120 h was 43.6% (99/227) in the CM plus WM therapy group, significantly higher than 29.5% (66/224) in the WM therapy group (P<0.01). In addition, the rate for cough, lethargy and weakness, agitation or irritability disappearance within 120 h was 32.6% (74/227) in the CM plus WM therapy group, significantly higher than 19.2% (43/224) in the WM therapy group (P<0.01). No drug-related adverse events were observed during the course of the study.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined CM and WM therapy achieved a better therapeutic efficacy in treating severe HFMD than the WM therapy alone. Reduning or Xiyanping Injections may become an important complementary therapy to WM for relieving the symptoms of severe HFMD. (Registration No. NCT01145664).</p>

Vildagliptin suppresses temporal lobe epilepsy by up-regulating glucagon-like peptide-1 / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of vildagliptin on pentamethazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy in rats and explore the molecular mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples of temporal cortex from 23 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were collected as epilepsy group and samples of temporal cortex from 14 patients with brain trauma were used as control group. Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (group A), PTZ-induced epilepsy group (group B), saline 2 mL/kg group (group C), vildagliptin 2.5 mg/kg group (group D), vildagliptin 5mg/kg group (group D) and vildagliptin 10 mg/kg group (group F). Use chronic model of epilepsy induced by PTZ (35 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection for 3 consecutive weeks, and changes of behavior were observed. The expression of GLP-1R was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and the expression of GLP-1 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The location of GLP-1R was detected by immunofluorescent staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunofluorescent staining showed that the GLP-1R located in the neurons, and GLP-1R expression was obviously decreased both in patients with TLE and in rats with epilepsy. The latency time was prolonged and epilepsy attack time was decreased after vildagliptin treatment (P<0.05). GLP-1R expression was increased after vildagliptin treatment (P<0.05). ELISA showed the change of GLP-1 expression was the same as GLP-1R.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Vildagliptin can suppress temporal lobe epilepsy in rats by up-regulating GLP-1 and GLP-1R expressions.</p>

Scientific assessment of post-exercise oxidative stress and reasonable antioxidant supplement / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The accumulation of free radicals after high-intensity exercise is an important factor for exercise induced fatigue and injuries,while the intake of exogenous antioxidants can improve the body function and antioxidant ability.There is still a lack of effective guidance and research on the reasonable supplement of antioxidants during and after exercise.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the scientific methods for assessing post-exercise oxidative stress and the effectiveness of antioxidant supplement during exercise.METHODS:The ScienceDirect database was retrieved for relevant articles using the keywords of "sports,oxidative stress,antioxidants,mitochondria".The included literatures addressing post-exercise oxidative stress injury and the antioxidant supplement were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Exercise can enhance the antioxidant capacity,while a potential risk of oxidative damage will be increased gradually.Reasonable antioxidant supplementation plays an important role in improving the antioxidant ability,delaying the oxidative stress,and relieving damage to cellular structures and functions due to the imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system.Supplementary pattern,total amount and timing are the key factors for treatment of oxidative stress damage as well as the adaptive changes of exercise capacity after high-intensity exercise.The variations of biomarkers such as 8-OHdG in human body fluid can be used as an important reference index for evaluating post-exercise oxidative stress,exercise adaptive recovery state and antioxidant supplementation.

Comparison of Measurement Methods of Exophthalmos and Its Forensic Significance / 法医学杂志

Objective To compare the differences between Hertel exophthalmometry and CT on exophthalmos measurement,and explore its practical application value in forensic medicine.Methods Fifty-six normal individuals without eye injuries or diseases were selected as the control group.The absolute values of exophthalmos were measured in the standardized CT image workstation.The difference of binocular exophthalmos was compared in normal group.Forty-seven cases with unilateral orbital fracture were divided into injured eye group and normal eye group according to the presence of binocular orbital fractures.The differences of the absolute values of eophthalmos from the same eye and the relative values of eophthalmos between two eyes for same person measured by Hertel exophthalmometry and CT were analyzed.Results There was no statistical difference of exophthalmos between the normal eyes measured by CT method.In the normal eye group,the absolute value of exophthalmos measured by CT method was (16.66±5.41) rm,which was (16.16±4.45)mm when measured by the Hertel exophthalmometry method.There was no statistical difference between two groups (P＞0.05).In the injured eye group,there was statistical difference between the absolute values of exophthalmos measured by two measurement methods (P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference of the relative values of exophthalmos between the injured eyes and the normal eyes by two measurement methods (P＞0.05).Conclusion CT method has a good consistency with Hertel exophthalmometry,which can be applied into the practice of medicolegal expertise.

Development of Quantum Dot Submicrobeads-based Fluorescent Immunochromatographic Test Strip for Rapid Detection of Chloramphenicol / 分析化学

A fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip based on the quantum dots submicrobeads (QBs) was developed for quantitative detection of chloramphenicol (CAP). In this method, monoclonal antibody of CAP and OBs complex fluorescent probe was first prepared using 1-ethyl-3-( 3-dimethylaminopropyl ) carbodiimide / N-hydroxysuccinimide coupling approach, then complete antigen CAP-HS-BSA was synthesized and sprayed on nitrocellulose membrane as test line (T line). Similarly, goat anti-mouse antibody was sprayed as control line (C line). The time required for the analysis was 15 min, and the limit of detection (LOD) for CAP was 0. 1 μg / L, with a working range of 0. 1 - 100 μg / L. In spiked milk samples, the test strip demonstrated high recoveries in the range from 93. 3% to 97. 9% with relative standard deviations of less than 7% .

Clinical evaluation of pedicle-scope assisted pedicle screw fixation and conventional percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for treating lumbar degenerative disease / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and safety of pedicle-scope assisted pedicle screw fixation and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for treating lumbar degenerative disease(LDD).Methods Thirty cases of LDD treated by mini-invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF) under microscope plus percutaneous pedicle screw fixation with fluoroscopy or pedicle-scope of lumbar spine from December 2013 to September 2015 were selected and divide into the percutaneous group and pediclescope group,15 cases in each group.The operative duration,intraoperative blood loss volume,hospital stay and complications were compared between the two groups.The clinical effects were assessed with visual analogue scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI).The plain radiography,dynamic radiology and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were re-examined after operation for assessing the screw location and fusion rate.Results Eighty-four screws were placed in the percutaneous group and 70 screws in the pedicle-scope group.In the percutaneous group and pedicle-scope group,the mean intraoperative blood loss volume,mean operative duration,average times of C-arm fluoroscopy,mean length of hospital stay,mean time of off-bed and complication occurrence rate were measured,and the differences were not statistically significant (P＞ 0.05).In 6-month follow up,the VAS score and ODI score in the two groups were significantly improved compared with before operation(P＜0.01);the VAS score and ODI score were(2.50 ± 1.30) and (50.00-±-3.50) in pediclescope group,(3.00± 1.50) and (58.00 ±4.50) in percutaneous group,respectivehy,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);the improvement rates of clinical symptoms in the percutaneous group and pedicle-scope group were 73.33 ％ and 80.00 ％ respectively.The imaging reexamination showed that the placed screw location was good and lesion segment fusion was good without screw loosening.The location of 3 screws in the percutaneous group was deviated and adjusted by the second operation.Conclusion The accuracy and safety of pedicle-scope assisted screw placing for treating LDD are higher than those of conventional percutaneous pedicle screw fixation,moreover the operative time is shorter with less intraoperative bleeding.

Development of a mouse model of arecoline-induced oral mucosal fibrosis

Objective To develop a BALB/c mouse model of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) induced by arecoline and to exhibit an accumulation of collagen and angiogenesis changes. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to either the control (distilled water) or experimental group (arecoline) (n = 40). Eight mice from each group were sacrificed every 4 weeks since 8 weeks post treatment. Changes in histopathologic features, levels of collagen type I and collagen type III, and angiogenesis were measured. Results In the 8th week, epithelium atrophy, collagen cumulation and micrangium pathologic changes in the lamina propria were observed in the oral mucosa. In the 20th week, hyaline degeneration of the connective tissues was observed on the tongue and palate mucosa. The angiogenesis and collagen type I changed significantly as the diseases advanced (P < 0.05); however, collagen type III was not statistically different. Conclusions An OSF model involving mice can be rapidly induced by drinking a high-dose of arecoline. OSF angiogenic changes in mice primarily decrease and collagen accumulation is mainly collagen type I.

Epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infection in infants with diarrhea in Guilin area / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic features of infant rotavirus(RV) diarrhea in Guilin area .Methods The detection of group A rotavirus were performed on 1 300 patients from Guilin 181st hospital by using immune colloidal gold method , and the epidemiological analysis were done according to the detection results .Results In the 1 300 patients ,132 were found rotavir‐us positive ,the total positive rate was 10 .15% .The positive rate of >1-2 years old group was the highest(23 .08% ) ,compared with other age groups(P<0 .05) .In November ,December and January ,the positive rates were 24 .14% ,20 .00% ,23 .53% ,respec‐tively .Compared with the positive rate in other months ,there was statistically significant difference(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Infants of 6 months to less than 2 years old in Guilin have higher detection rate of RV infection ,and the infection peak appears in autumn and w inter .