The Effect Of Mobile Phone Radiation On The Blood-brain Barrier (bbb): A Review

Health effects of Radio frequency waves have been raised because of the gradual increase in usage of cellphones, and this Usage of cellular phones is associated with alterations in various body systems including thecentral nervous system. The impact of radiation emitted from mobile phone on experimental animals stillunclear and contradictory and there is limited reviewed work of Mobile phones radiation effect on blood-brainbarrier and therefore; the purpose of this work was to review the possible effects of mobile phone radiation onblood-brain barrier from findings in the literature on tissues in human and experimental animals.This review is grounded on the various scientific published articles, journals and textbooks accessed on linefrom January 2010- November, 2011 and summarize the main results of studies of mobile phone radiationimpact on blood-brain barrier permeability published until 2009. Accordingly, number of studies relating toelectromagnetic field emitted by cell phones over a wide range of frequency is used, depending on a number ofelectromagnetic field parameters, duration of exposure and Specific absorption rate values.Several authors have reported that electromagnetic exposure alters blood-brain barrier permeability. On thecontrarily; other authors have reported differently in confirming these findings and more over it is also reportedthat mobile phone radiation-induced activation of cellular stress response might affect blood-brain barrierpermeability . Generally, the results of different studies conducted in experimental animals have revealed thatlong term exposure to cell phone radiation and at high or low Specific absorption rate value enhances increasedpermeability of the blood-brain barrier.

Accessory Renal Artery And Its Clinical Significance.

Knowledge of the existence of the aberrant renal arteries is important because they may be inadvertently damaged during renal surgery and their presence must be considered in evaluating a donor kidney for possible renal transplantation. Using conventional dissecting techniques, the posterior abdominal wall was dissected in a 45years old embalmed male cadaver in the gross anatomy dissecting laboratory of college of health Sciences Ayder Campus Mekelle University Ethiopia. Following the fine dissection, we noticed an aberrant right renal artery (accessory renal artery) originated from the abdominal aorta at the level of L3 vertebra, besides the normal renal artery that arises high up at the level of L1, L2. This accessory renal artery does not have a parallel course with the normal renal artery, it course upward and laterally to the inferior pole of the right kidney which it pierces, However there was no such observation on the left