RESUMEN
Control of insect pest is a serious problem, as the use of different chemical pesticides to control them is injurious to human health and environment. Thorough knowledge of their biology is quite important to manage them. During present investigations oviposition in Caryedon serratus have been observed on Phaseolus vulgaris for the first time. The female C. serratus preferred to lay eggs near the depression as convex surface of the seed of P. vulgaris. Maximum number of eggs per seed was 15. Maximum egg laying occurred during the first 6-days of oviposition under all three temperatures (25C, 28C and 34C). The peak of egg laying occurred on 3-day at 25C and 34C, however, it occurred on 5-day at 28C. C. serratus prefer laying eggs in the depression, may possibly be due to two reasons, first, the seed coat may be weakest at this point, second, eggs laid in depression may be protected. Most of egg laying activity by day-6, helps the female to conserve its energy for greater longevity.
RESUMEN
Background: During MBBS course, the students’ study about cardiovascular system (CVS) in physiology, pathology, pharmacology, preventive medicine, pediatrics, and medicine for the management and diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders. Blood pressure measurement is a common and a beneficial tool for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders (hypertension, hypotension, etc.) along with their treatment and management. Thus, knowing the proper technique of measuring blood pressure becomes an essential part of learning the course and management of cardiovascular disease. This study is designed to teach and train the first phase undergraduate students to measure blood pressure in a proper way so that they do not stumble on the first step of examination of CVS. Competency-based training is an outcome-based approach that involves identifying the skills acquired by Indian medical graduate. Competency-based teaching involves teaching of undergraduate students to support their achievement and assessment of the communication and technical skills and to develop their ability to interpret the results of blood pressure measurement for apt patient management. Aim and Objectives: This study aims to assess and compare the effect of competency-based teaching and traditional teaching in learning the skill of blood pressure measurement. Materials and Methods: Two hundred students were taken from Phase I undergraduate medical students which were randomly divided in two Groups A and B. Competency-based teaching of blood pressure measurement was done in Group A in by teaching method of demonstrate, observe, assist, and perform and Group B was taught by traditional demonstration. Pre-test questionnaire was given to both the groups before beginning of the practical session. The students learning of skill to measure blood pressure was assessed by directly observed procedural skills (DOPS) checklist after which student feedback was provided along with filling up of the post-test questionnaire. Furthermore, feedback from both student and teacher was collected. Results: Highly significant difference was found between pre-test and post-test of both Group A and Group B. Significant difference was found between Group A and Group B post-test scores. It was found that Group A in which competency-based teaching was done scored higher post-test scores then Group B. Furthermore, highly significant difference was seen among the scores of DOPS checklist between Group A and Group B. Conclusion: In the present research study, it was found that the students who underwent competency-based training of the skill of blood pressure measurement showed significantly higher scores in learning and performing the skill. Furthermore, on feedback provided by the students, 96% of the students strongly agree that the competency-based teaching and learning is better than traditional teaching.
RESUMEN
A 24 years autopsy study (1982-2006) of acute poisoning deaths owing to aluminium phosphide from a tertiary care hospital of Northern India (Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh revealed that mortality due to acute poisoning constitued 12.6% of the total unnatural fatalities and out of which 51.3% were because of this fumigant insecticide. The first victim reported in 1982 and its proportion, which was 20% in years 1982 to 86, increased to 73% between the years 1994-98 and then decreased to 49% of the total acute poisoning fatalities in 2002-06. Peak incidence was observed in the age group of 21-25 years (31%) and least in the age group of beyond 65 years (3%). The proportion of suicidal deaths increased from 20% to 54% between these periods. Sales workers / businessmen (15%), office workers (10.7%) followed by student (10.4%), among the males and domestic workers (23%), students (10.4%) in females were the main victims of suicidal poisoning. 53% male victims were married where as 59.4% female victims were unmarried. 52.4% were from the urban areas.