RESUMEN
In this study, the means utilized by the Qur'an in actualizing the possibilities of all intellect to face the problem of blind imitation of ancestors were elaborated. Rationality as meant by the Qur'an and embodied in its unique style is presented. Furthermore, the Qur'anic documentation of the role of practical demonstration on the individual's mind as well as the societies' collective mind is pointed out. In addition, the study shows how the Qur'an guides people to the proper use of reason within a scientific framework of mind
RESUMEN
This paper evaluates the progress of anatomy and dissection during the Middle Ages both in Europe and in the Muslim World. For that purpose, the functional anatomy of the ureterovesical junction and the mechanism of micturition were studied both in the works of Galen [130-200 AD] and in the works of 6 Islamic medical scholars who lived in the period from the ninth to the thirteenth centuries AD [Alrazi, Alzahrawi, Ibn Sina, Al-Baghdadi, Ibn El Nefis and Ibn El Quff]. The study relied, only, on original sources in the form of authentic editions and manuscripts. In general, the ideas and findings of those 6 Islamic physicians, as regard the anti-reflux and the micturition mechanisms, differed and contradicted with those of Galen but conformed well with our present day concepts