RESUMEN
Tongue diagnosis is one of the diagnostic methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), but its development has always been restricted by the lack of objective quantitative indicators. With the rapid development of computer technology and the advent of the algorithm era, the modernization of TCM tongue diagnosis has gradually become a hot research spot. This paper annalyses the literature and related patents of the modernization of tongue diagnosis and summarizes the R&D progress and application of tongue diagnosis as well as related instruments. It is found that domestic and foreign scholars focus on tongue diagnosis related research and attach importance to the formulation of relevant international standards. Tongue collection and analysis technology continues to develop; tongue diagnostic instruments are also gradually enriched. At present, their applications are extended to family self-use, but they are still mainly used in teaching, scientific research and other fields, involving the clinical efficacy evaluation of TCM, clinical case classification and health management, and there is still much room for development. In the future, we should strengthen the communication between multi-regional research centers, promote the communication among talents in different fields, constantly make up for the deficiencies and promote the development of tongue diagnosis research.
RESUMEN
To investigate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR-γ)on the liver injury of Polygonum multiflorum, we established a model of immunological idiosyncrasy liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. The 70 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into control group, LPS group(2.8 mg·kg-1), PM group(crude drug, 2.16 g·kg-1), PPAR-γ agonist group(pioglitazone, 0.5 mg·kg-1), PM+LPS group(crude drug 2.16 g·kg-1, 2.8 mg·kg-1), PPAR-γ agonist+LPS group(0.5 mg·kg-1, 2.8 mg·kg-1)and PM+LPS+PPAR-γ agonist group(crude drug, 2.16 g·kg-1, 2.8 mg·kg-1, 0.5 mg·kg-1). The rats were orally given PM, once a day for consecutive 2 days. The control rats were given the same amount of distilled water. Liver injury was induced by intravenous injection of LPS. Sodium pentobarbital was injected intraperitoneally for anesthesia, and liver samples were collected together with blood. The plasma levels of alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)were measured. Pathological changes and hepatocellular apoptosis were examined by liver biopsy, and immunohistochemical observation of liver tissue expression of PPAR-γ and NF-κB p65. A negative correlation was observed between the expression of PPAR-γ in hepatic tissue and liver injury of Polygonum multiflorum. PPAR-γ agonist significantly reduced the PM-induced idiosyncratic liver injury in rats according to serum ALT and AST(P < 0.05), reduced liver pathological injury and hepatocyte apoptosis, decreased serum TNF-α and other inflammatory cytokines(P < 0.05), liver tissue PPAR-γ expression, and inhibited expression of NF-κB p65(P < 0.05). The results suggest that the occurrence of immunological idiosyncrasy liver injury of PM is related to inhibition of the PPAR-γ pathway and elevation of inflammatory factors. PPAR-γ agonist can reverse the idiosyncratic liver injury induced by PM, and provide a reference for elucidating mechanism of idiosyncratic liver injury induced by Polygonum multiflorum.