Effects of different administration methods on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ribavirin in rats / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To establish a HPLC-QqQ-MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method for pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of ribavirin by oral and respiratory administration. METHODS: The experiment established a high-sensitivity LC-MS analytical method for the detection of ribavirin, and the linearity, specificity, recovery, accuracy, and precision were investigated. The established methods were used to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the oral and respiratory administration methods. RESULTS: The concentration of drugs in the blood through respiratory tract administration is higher, and the drug absorption is faster. Respiratory tract administration C

Serodiagnosis of trichinellosis by ELISA using recombinant nudix hydrolase of Trichinella spiralis

Trichinella spiralis nudix hydrolase (TsNd) gene encoding a 46 kDa protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and the potential of recombinant TsNd protein (rTsNd) as an antigen for the serodiagnosis of trichinellosis was investigated by ELISA and compared with those of ELISA with T. spiralis muscle larval excretory–secretory (ES) antigens. The sensitivity of both ELISA was 100% (30/30), for the detection of anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies in sera of the experimentally infected mice, and the specificity of rTsNd-ELISA and ES-ELISA was 100% (54/54) and 98% (53/54), respectively (P>0.05). Serum anti-Trichinella antibodies were firstly detected by rTsNd-ELISA at 14 days post infection (dpi), then continued to increase with a detection rate of 100% at 36 dpi. The anti-Trichinella antibody levels at different times after infection were statistically different (P<0.05). The results showed that the rTsNd might be a potential candidate antigen for specific serodiagnosis of trichinellosis. But, it needs to be further evaluated with sera of the patients with trichinellosis and other helminthiasis.

Technology of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation and its clinical application in pediatric dentistry / 华西口腔医学杂志

Dental fear is a common problem in pediatric dentistry. Therefore, sedation for pediatric patients is an essential tool for anxiety management. Nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation is a safe, convenient, effective way to calm children. The review is about the technology of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation and its clinical application in pediatric dentistry.

Effects of three different surface treatments on bond strength between composite resin core and glass ionomer cement / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare shear bond strength (SBS) between composite resin core (CRC) disposed with three different surface treatments and glass ionomer cement (GIC), so that to provide theoretical basis for luting of crowns to CRC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to three different surface treatments, thirty blocks of CRC were randomly and equally divided into three groups: Roughening with diamond grit bur(RDB), RDB plus etching with Gluma Etch 35 Gel (RDBE), RDB plus coating with Adper Single Bond2 adhensive (RDBA). All CRC were cemented with GIC. All specimens were preserved in 37 degrees C water for 24 h, then SBS tests for eight specimens in each group were performed using a universal testing machine at a constant crosshead speed of 0.5 mm x min(-1). The surface topography of one CRC of each group was observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) at 100 amplification. The interface between CRC and GIC was observed using FE-SEM at 500 amplification. Then the nature of failure was also recorded using FE-SEM at 25 amplification and the data were analyzed with a Kruskal-Wallis H test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The surface topography of each group and the interface between CRC and GIC observed using FE-SEM were significantly different, but significant differences on the nature of failure between groups were not found (P > 0.10). SBS of each group was (4.28 +/- 0.18) MPa for RDB, (4.65 +/- 0.17) MPa for RDBE, (2.39 +/- 0.21) MPa for RDBA, respectively (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The SBS between CRC and GIC is affected by the surface treatments of CRC.</p>

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue and its significance / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of VEGF-C mRNA in tumor tissues and non-cancer tissues from 39 ESCC patients in our hospital from March 2009 to February 2010 was detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) method. The expression of D2-40 was detected by immunohistochemistry,and microlymphatic vessel density (MLVD) was determined by lymphatic endothelial specific marker D2-40. The associations of VEGF-C mRNA expression with clinical data and MLVD were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive ISH VEGF-D mRNA was observed in tumor tissue samples of 22 cases (56.4%, 22/39) and non-cancer tissue sample of 1 case (2.6%, 1/39), whose difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF-D mRNA in ESCC was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis [92.9% (13/14) vs. 36.0% (9/25), P<0.05] and MLVD [(8.20±1.22) vs. (5.31±0.97), P<0.01], but not significantly associated with age, sex, pathological grade and depth of infiltration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VEGF-D can promote lymphatic metastasis of ESSC by induction of lymphangiogenesis.</p>

Notch1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its relation with microvascular angiogenesis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe Notch1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and investigate its relation with microvascular angiogenesis in the tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue slices of 40 cases ESCC (cancer group) and 8 cases normal esophagus tissues (normal group) were obtained to analyze the expression of Notch1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using immunohistochemistry and estimate the microvessel density (MVD) in the tumor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Notch1 expression was significantly lower in the cancer group than in the normal group (P<0.05). In the cancer group, Notch1 expression was higher in highly differentiated than in poorly differentiated tumors (P<0.05) regardless of tumor infiltration or lymph nodes metastasis (P>0.05). VEGF expression and MVD were significantly higher in cancer group than in normal group, and showed significant differences between tumors with different differentiation degrees, infiltration and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Notch1 expression was inversely correlated to VEGF expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Notch1 may be an anti-oncogene in ESCC and affects cell differentiation in early stage of the malignancy. Abnormally low expression of Notch1 in ESCC may be one of the upstream factors to induce high expression of VEGF and increased MVD. The Notch1 pathway might play a key role in microvascular angiogenesis in ESCC.</p>

Prognosis of the short-term efficacy of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis with serum protein profiles / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG) is currently available, but in 20% - 40% of the patients the results were not satisfactory. There are no ideal indicators forecasting surgical results before operation. The surface enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectroscopy (SELDI-TOF-MS) is a currently new technique for detection of protein profiles, and some progresses have been made in cancer diagnosis and efficacy evaluation, but there is no report on efficacy forecasting of MG surgery. This study aimed to establish an efficacy prognosis model for forecasting the efficacy of surgery for MG by analysis of serum protein profiles of MG patients before surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six MG patients 6 months after extended thymectomy were enrolled in the study. They were classified into effective or non-effective groups according to symptoms and medication. Their pre-operative blood samples were analyzed for protein profiles by the SELDI-TOF MS technique, and protein peaks were identified for establishment of the efficacy prognosis model of MG surgery. Additional 100 MG patients were subjected to model validation and their pre-operation protein profiles reviewed for post-operative results. The results were compared with those of the post-operative follow-up so as to validate the prognosis model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the model establishment, symptoms were improved in 33 patients and not improved in 18 patients, with an effective rate of 64.7%. Five (8.9%) patients were lost to follow-up. Within the molecular weight range of 1 000 to 20 000, 3 specific protein peaks were found to be significantly different between the effective and non-effective groups, ie M4110-76, M3394-58, and M1258-55. Using the efficacy prognosis model constructed with these data, the accuracy rate of classification was 87.9% for the effective group, and 83.3% for the non-effective group, with a total accuracy rate of 86.3%. For the model evaluation, 2 (8.9%) patients were lost to follow-up, 62 patients were effective and 36 were non- effective. By comparing with the real results of follow-up with 65 effective and 33 non-effective patients with an effective rate of 66.3%, the accuracy rate of prediction by the prognosis model was 86.2% for the effective group, and was 81.8% for the non-effective group with a total accuracy rate of 84.5%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>By protein profiles analysis of pre-operative blood samples taken from MG patients with the SELDI-TOF MS technique, protein peaks correlated with surgery efficacy in MG patients can be found for primary forecasting short-term efficacy of surgery for MG patients.</p>

Effect of thoracic duct ligation during transthoracic esophagectomy on the prevention of post-operative chylothorax in different tumor locations / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of thoracic duct ligation during transthoracic esophagectomy on preventing post-operative chylothorax in different tumor locations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between March 2003 and June 2007, 243 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma underwent esophageal resection in our hospital. All the cases were divided into five groups according to tumor localization, including cervical, upper middle, middle, lower middle and lower sections. Each was then subdivided into 2 groups: with and without intraoperative thoracic duct ligation. Statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the relevance between ligation and non-ligation of the thoracic duct during esophagectomy and the incidence of post-operative chylothorax.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 8 cases of post-operative chylothorax was recorded and the incidence was 3.3%. Incidence with respect to tumor location was as follows: cervical section: ligation subgroup 3 cases and non-ligation subgroup 5 cases; upper middle section: no one for both ligation and non-ligation subgroups; middle section: ligation subgroup 0/26 and non-ligation subgroup 1/28 (3.6%); lower middle section: ligation subgroup 1/39 (2.6%) and non-ligation subgroup 1/35 (2.9%); lower section: ligation subgroup 1/37 (2.7%) and non-ligation subgroup 2/44 (4.5%). Logistic regression analysis revealed no significant difference between ligation and non-ligation subgroup in the prevention of post-operative chylothorax (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Thoracic duct ligation as preventive measure can not decrease the incidence of chylothorax secondary to esophagectomy.</p>

Change of substance P in portal vein during rectoanal inhibitory reflex / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the change pattern of substance P (SP) in the portal vein during the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), and its physiologic significance; the influence of external splanchnic nerve of rectum and anal to the RAIR.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rats were divided into seven groups, among them there were six groups, which were first divided into two big groups according to whether the external splanchnic nerve to the rectum and anal were cut off, one is no cut-off external splanchnic nerve group, the other is cut-off external splanchnic nerve group. Each group were further divided, according to the distance of the balloon-sac on Foley's tube in the rectum away from anal verge, into 2, 4, 6 centimeter groups; A control group with Foley's tube put into the rectum, but the balloon-sac on Foley's tube did not pumped up with water. Measure and compare the value and change of SP in the portal vein during the RAIR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The comparison of SP in portal vein, among the 2, 4 centimeter groups with cut-off external splanchnic nerve, all groups with intact external splanchnic nerve supply and control group, had no statistic difference (P>0.05). The comparison between the 6 centimeter group with intact external splanchnic nerve group and the 2, 4 centimeter groups with cut-off external splanchnic nerve, P<0.01, the statistic difference was significant. The comparison between 6 centimeter group of intact and cut-off external splanchnic nerve, P<0.01, the difference was significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The reason for the stimulation on upper rectum dose not induce the RAIR is related with this stimulation result in the release of SP, the exciting mediator to internal sphincter. The external splanchnic nerve supply of rectum and anal canal have influence on the change of SP of the portal vein during RAIR.</p>

Partial androgen deficiency in the aging male apt to be misdiagnosed as depression and dementia: a typical case report / 中华男科学杂志

A series of clinical symptoms associated with partial androgen deficiency in middle-aged and old males are apt to be confused with those of depression and dementia, and therefore result in misdiagnosis and mistreatment. This article reports a case of partial androgen deficiency in the aging male (PADAM) repeatedly misdiagnosed as depression and dementia, which demands sufficient clinical attention. The main reasons for the misdiagnosis and mistreatment lie in unfamiliarity with PADAM, lack of specific symptoms of the condition, omission of special examinations and hormone level analysis.

Surgical intervention for advanced valvular heart disease in 227 cases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Although the results of surgical treatment in cardiac valve disease continue to improve, the postoperative mortality rate and the rate of complications in patients with advanced valvular heart disease (AVHD) are still very high. We did this retrospective study to summarize the surgical experience of heart valve replacement for patients with AVHD and discuss effective ways to improve the surgical outcome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 1994 to October 2003, surgical procedures of heart valve replacement were performed on 227 (136 men and 91 women) patients with AVHD in our Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery. The clinical data of all patients were collected and analysed. Patients' age ranged from 10 years to 77 years. In preoperative cardiac function grading, 157 cases were NYHA III and 70 cases NYHA IV. Fifty-one patients had had cardiac operations. The ultrasonic cardiac graphs showed that 145 patients suffered from moderate or severe pulmonary hypertension and 73 had combined giant left ventricle. Mitral valve replacement was performed in 32 cases, aortic valve replacement in 90, tricuspid valve replacement in 1, combined mitral and aortic replacement in 103 and combined mitral and tricuspid replacement in 1. Nineteen patients also received surgical corrections for other minor abnormalities during the operations. A logistic model was established to evaluate the influence of perioperative factors on the mortality rate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operative mortality rate was 13.2% (30/227). The main causes of death included multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), low cardiac output syndrome and ventricular fibrillation. From the results of the binary noncounterpart multivariate logistic regression, the following statistically significant factors were found to influence the operative mortality rate: redo operation, age >/= 55 years, preoperative NYHA cardiac function grading, extracorporeal circulation time >/= 120 minutes and postoperative usage of GIK (glucose, insulin and potassium) solution. All factors were risk ones except postoperative application of GIK. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit coefficient of this model was 0.976.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The risk factors associated with postoperative mortality rate in the patients with AVHD were redo operation, age >/= 55 years, preoperative NYHA cardiac function grading and extracorporeal circulation time >/= 120 minutes. Postoperative usage of GIK acted as a kind of metabolic therapy and will improve the recovery for patients with AVHD. Active perioperative management and care will play a very important role in reducing the operative risk and improving the short term outcome of surgical treatment for the patients with AVHD.</p>

Developing Students' Ability to Practice Resulting from Reforme of Experimental Teaching Pattern of Medical Microbiology / 微生物学通报

To develop Students' Practical Ability according to the teaching requirement and culture aim of preventive medicine major,the teaching plan,teaching content,teaching methods,and experimental check-ing methods were explored and the experimental teaching pattern of medical microbiology adapted to pre-ventive medicine major was constructed.The investigation showed that the experimental teaching pattern helped to cultivate the students' operating ability,thinking of scientific research and ability of aggregate and solving analysis.Moreover,it helped to develop the students' co-operative consciousness and team spirit.It indicated that the new pattern was superior to the traditional experimental teaching.

Study of Bilingual Teaching for Medical Microbiology / 微生物学通报

Bilingual teaching is adapted to the development of higher education in china.Based on actual fact of college,teaching mode,evaluation and effect of bilingual teaching on medical microbiology were studied,which started with necessity of bilingual teaching to use original edition teaching material in English. The result would provide some gist to choice the suitable pattern of bilingual teaching for other subject of our college.

Research and Practice on Teaching Reform of Medical Microbiology Experiment / 微生物学通报

The study compared the traditional medical microbiology experimental teaching with a new experimental teaching pattern,with the students majoring in anaesthesia as the research object. The new pattern mainly deals with the cultivation of the students' creativity by reforming and exploring the plan,the content,the method of experimental teaching and the ways of checking the students' work, adding general and designing experiment,and working out the PPT of the experiments.The result shows the new experimental teaching pattern contributes to the cultivation of the students'abilities of performing experiment, the ways of thinking, creativity and comprehensive analysis. It's better than the traditional experimental teaching pattern.A new medical microbiology experimental teaching systerm which is suit to the students majoring in anaesthesia has been established.