RESUMEN
Background: Facial trauma is the most common trauma worldwide and more than 30% of the trauma cases suffer from fractured maxillofacial (MF) skeleton. MF region involves soft and hard tissues forming the face extending from frontal bone superiorly to the mandible inferiorly. The face being the most exposed part of the body is particularly prone to trauma. The primary cause of MF fractures throughout the world is road traffic accidents (RTAs) and assaults. In India, in spite of the great impact of MF traumatic injuries on the patient’s quality of life, there is inadequate information about the epidemiological characteristics of this problem. Aims: This study aims to study the incidence, patterns of injury, and different factors contributing to morbidity and mortality in MF injuries. Materials and Methods: All cases of MF injuries irrespective of the age and sex admitted through casualty or transferred from other departments or reported in opd during June 1, 2016–May 31, 2017. Detailed history and physical findings were recorded depending on the combination of fractures sustained. As in any trauma situation, initially addressing of all life-threatening injuries by following the advanced trauma life support protocol. Patients were managed with appropriate radiological investigations followed by either conservative or suitable operative procedures. Results: The male-female ratio of MF fractures was 6.5:1. 80% of MF fractures were caused by RTA. Mandible was most commonly involved isolated bone fracture in the present study (44.39%). The most common fracture seen was midface fracture, i.e., 50% of total MF fractures. 60% of mandibular fracture managed by closed reduction, 37.89% by open reduction, and rest 2.1% by conservative means. Midface and upper face fracture, 38.65% fracture managed by closed reduction, 47.90% by open reduction, and rest 13.45% by conservative means. Overall, mortality was 6%. Conclusion: RTAs remain the biggest etiological factor of MF fractures. There is higher incidence of fractures in men than women. There seems to be an urgent need for enhanced monitoring and regulation on motor vehicles to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with RTAs. It is hoped that epidemiological surveys such as the one presented here will help the healthcare professions and policymakers in planning future programs of prevention and treatment
RESUMEN
Background: This study was undertaken to consider the successful use of biodegradable osteosynthetic graft material polylactic- polyglycolic acid sponge as biodegradable root replicas which is placed as immediate implants in extraction socket to preserve the dimensions of alveolar process. Methods:A split mouth study was conducted on 20 patients who were selecte for orthodontic extraction of 1st and 2nd premolar teeth in the outpatient department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peoples College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2010. One socket in each patient was randomly selected as test site (T) in which polylactic-polyglycolic acid sponge (Alvelac®) was inserted and the contralateral socket was taken as control site (C), which was allowed to heal naturally. Results: The test and control sites were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Measurements recorded with regards to clinical (bucco-palatal width and height of the alveolus) and radiologically (mesio-buccal, mid buccal, disto-buccal). Clinical and radiological measurements shows there is a statistically significant decrease in bucco-palatal width and height of the alveolus on the control site as compared to that of the test site. Analysis of CT SCAN shows greater bone density on test site. Conclusion: The use of PLGA scaffolds (Alvelac®) significantly reduces the bone resorption both in height and width of the extracted socket. The quality of bone preserved when PLGA scaffolds is used, is of good quality to retain implants.
RESUMEN
Background: Tobacco is known to mankind since ages. Despite the widespread awareness about tobacco related health hazard and vigorous efforts to regulate its use in various form of strict tobacco control legislation; its use is increasing at an alarming rate. Tobacco use carries a high risk of major health-related illness and several forms of cancers. The epidemic of tobacco use in India is inflicting a huge damage on the human health and the associated health care costs are creating a huge financial burden on the government. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of tobacco consumption and related oral mucosal lesions among patients reporting to dental outpatient department of a tertiary care centre in Rewa (M.P.). Methods: Out of the total patients reporting to the outpatient department of dentistry during the study period, 5185 patients were considered for this study, 1285 were found consuming tobacco in one or other form. The consent for participation in the study was given by 1178 tobacco users. They were interviewed through prepared questionnaires and clinically examined for tobacco associated oral lesions. The data were collected, cleaned and compiled. Results: The overall prevalence of tobacco use was 24.78%. Out of the 1178 tobacco users studied, 893 (75.80%) were males and 285 (24.19%) females. Smoked form was the most commonly used tobacco for males (44.56%) while smokeless tobacco was preferred by majority of females (69.12%). 23.94% of the tobacco users were in the age group of 21-30 years. Oral mucosal lesions were seen in 32.51% subjects. Conclusions: The number of tobacco users visiting the dental hospital is reasonably high; Tobacco consumption is a common cause of addiction, preventable illness, disability and death. The public health system should be strengthened for effectively designing, implementing and evaluating tobacco control and prevention programs. All health care professionals should be sensitized and educated for implementing measures for tobacco control and cessation.