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1.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2009 Jan; 76(1): 37-44
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-79644

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To document mineral contents iron, zinc, calcium, energy contents and nutrient densities in complementary foods commonly given to young urban slum children. METHODS: Information on dietary intake was collected from 892 mothers of children aged 13-24 months, using 24 hour dietary recall and standardized measures. Three variations of 27 most commonly prepared recipes were analyzed and their energy (Kcal/g) and nutrient densities (mg/100 Kcal) were calculated. RESULTS: Considerable variations were observed in preparation of all items fed to the children. Cereal-based items predominated their diets with only small amount of vegetables/fruits. Fenugreek was the only leafy vegetable included, but was given to only 1-2% of children. Iron, calcium, zinc contents of staple complementary foods ranged from: 0.33 mg to 3.73 mg, 4 mg to 64 mg, and 0.35 mg to 2.99 mg/100 respectively. Recipes diluted with less water and containing vegetables, spices had higher mineral content. Minerals densities were higher for dals, fenugreek vegetable, khichdi and chapatti. Using the median amounts of the various recipes fed to children, intakes of all nutrients examined especially calcium and iron was low. CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to educate mothers about consistency, dilution, quantity, frequency, method of preparation, inclusion of micronutrient-rich foods, energy-dense complementary foods and gender equality.


Asunto(s)
Calcio/análisis , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Ingestión de Energía , Femenino , Análisis de los Alimentos , Promoción de la Salud , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Minerales/análisis , Madres/educación , Trastornos Nutricionales/diagnóstico , Trastornos Nutricionales/epidemiología , Valor Nutritivo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Enseñanza , Población Urbana , Zinc/análisis
2.
Indian J Public Health ; 2006 Jul-Sep; 50(3): 179-86
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-109594

RESUMEN

Fat and fatty acid intakes of 25 healthy adult urban males from Ghaziabad, U.P.; Goa and Kolkata, W.Bengal, respectively were studied. Fat intakes were estimated using dietary records, food frequency questionnaires and chemical analysis of the diets consumed. Fatty acid intakes were estimated by gas chromatography. Total fat intakes ranged from 26.9 g/day to 163.2g/ day. Percent subjects having intakes above the desirable level were 72% in Kolkata, 36% in Ghaziabad, U.P. and only 10% in Goa. Visible fat constituted more than 60 percent of total fat. In all 3 areas, SFA intakes were higher and MUFA lower than desirable levels. Palmitic acid constituted at least 50% of SFA intakes. In Goa, lauric acid, in Ghaziabad and Kolkata, stearic acid and myristic acid were major dietary SFAs, In Kolkata, erucic acid was 17.3+/-8.3%. Overall 60% of subjects had n-6:n-3 intakes close to the desirable ratio. Linoleic acid constituted almost the entire n-6 intake. Alpha linolenic acid constituted most of the n-3 intakes in Ghaziabad, U.P. and Kolkata. The ratios of SFA:MUFA--PUFA vaned widely and percent subjects with intakes close to the desirable ratios were 12% in Goa, 23% in Ghaziabad and 40% in Kolkata. The data highlights the need for limiting fat intakes and modifying diets to provide fatty acids in desirable ratios.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Cromatografía de Gases , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Energía , Ácidos Grasos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6/administración & dosificación , Humanos , India , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
3.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2002 Jun; 100(6): 385-90
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-97763

RESUMEN

In patients with HIV infection/AIDS, in addition to the antiretrovival therapy nutritional support is needed to maintain optimum nutrition during the symptomatic period, to prevent further deterioration of nutritional status during acute episodes of infections and to improve nutritional status during the stable symptom free period. This can be achieved by (a) nutritional assessment, (b) nutritional screening, (c) nutritional intervention and by providing (d) psychosocial support for nutrition.


Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/diagnóstico , Dieta , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Emaciación por VIH/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Evaluación Nutricional , Necesidades Nutricionales , Estado Nutricional , Apoyo Nutricional/métodos , Pronóstico , Resultado del Tratamiento
4.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2000 Sep; 98(9): 548-57
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-100937

RESUMEN

Nutrition at optimal levels is fundamental in the maintenance of positive health. Matemal nutrition is very important for the course and outcome of pregnancy. Lactation represents a stage wherein health and nutritional status of the infant are dependent on the mother. Successful pregnancy and lactation require adjustments in maternal body composition, metabolism and function of various physioogical systems. A diet that meets matemal nutritional needs is required for these adjustments, so that maternal well-being is safeguarded with birth of an healthy infant. Adequate nutrition supports the growth of both matemal and foetal tissues. Chronic undernutrition throughout pregnancy affects birth weights of newborns. Poor nutrition causes intra-uterine growth retardation. Specific nutrients like zinc, iodine and folate are also required for development of the foetus. Foetal iron deficiency exists in maternal iron deficiency anaemia. Maternal nutritional status, breast milk composition and volume are elaborated in the article. Proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins and their requirements are narrated in detail. Additional nutritional requirements during lactation have been tabulated in this article. Thus improving the nutrition and health of girls and younger women and of mothers during pregnancy and lactation will derive benefits in terms of improved health of their children throughout their lives.


Asunto(s)
Lactancia Materna , Femenino , Promoción de la Salud , Estado de Salud , Humanos , India , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Lactancia , Leche Humana/química , Política Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/prevención & control , Salud de la Mujer
5.
Indian J Pediatr ; 1990 Mar-Apr; 57(2): 191-6
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-83294

RESUMEN

The practice of colostrum feeding and factors influencing the same were studied by interviewing 2158 mothers belonging to low socio-economic group from urban slums and rural areas of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Statistically significant (p less than 0.001) difference was found between rural and urban areas with regard to the practice of feeding colostrum. Though the percentage feeding colostrum was very poor, the discard of colostrum was very less among rural mothers. Developmental programmes such as ICDS and others also showed significantly beneficial effects on colostrum feeding practice in both urban and rural (p less than 0.001) areas. Socio-economic factors such as better income (p less than 0.001) and hospital delivery were noted to have positive influence on colostrum feeding. Religion did not seem to affect the practice of colostrum feeding.


Asunto(s)
Lactancia Materna , Calostro , Femenino , Humanos , India , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Salud Rural , Factores Socioeconómicos , Salud Urbana
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