RESUMEN
Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common female reproductive tract malignancies with high morbidity and mortality most especially in the developing countries. Our purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of cervical smear and also to determine the effect of socio-demographic factors on the pattern of cervical cytology among women attending gynaecological clinic in Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted at Nnamdi Azikwe University Teaching Hospital, (NAUTH), Nnewi, Anambra state, in South East Nigeria from December 2007–July 2008. Result: Ninety six (68.6%) of the women had normal cervical smear while forty one (29.3%) had abnormal cervical smear. The proportion of unsatisfactory smear was 2.1%. The number and rates of abnormal cervical smear was further sub-classified as LSIL (25 cases, 17.9%), HSIL (12 cases, 8.6%), ASC-US (3 cases, 2.1%) and glandularintraepithelial lesion (1 case, 0.7%). No case of squamous cell carcinoma was detected. Conclusion: The study shows that various patterns of abnormal cytology were found among our women and the prevalence of this abnormal smear is high. these findings underscore the need for massive and sustained reproductive health education and establishment of cervical cancer screening centres.
RESUMEN
Background: The lymphoreticular system plays a major role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. This study reviews retrospectively cases of lymphoreticular disea-ses seen at a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study in which biopsies from the bone marrow; spleen; lymph nodes and extra-nodal lymphoid tissues reported within a period of 16 years were reviewed with respect to age; sex and pathological diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed for differences in proportion using Chi square by SPSS version 12. Results: Nine hundred and forty four cases comprising 559 biopsies from lymph nodes and extranodal lymphoid tissues; 272 bone marrow biopsies and 113 spleen biopsies were studied. Non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and tuberculosis were the most common lesions in lymph nodes and extranodal lymphoid tissues. The axillary and cervical nodes accounted for most cases of metastasis. Breast cancer accounted for the majority of metastasis to lymph nodes. The most common pathological changes in bone marrow were NHL and reactive hyperplasia. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) had the highest mean age; which was significantly higher than in those with NHL (p=.001; 95confidence interval -27.91 to -7.76). The most common finding in the spleen was splenic rupture and haemoperitoneum from road traffic accident. Conclusion: NHL and tubercu- losis should be high on the list of differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in Nigerians. Whereas trauma from RTA was the major reason for splenectomy in Nigerians; in the elderly splenic biopsy would likely show CLL