RESUMEN
To find out the occurrence of esotropia and exotropia in patients among the age group of [3 to 25 years] attending out-patient department at Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi. Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. A total of 100 consecutive strabismus patients were examined out of 3430 patients attending the out-patient department within the time period of three months, according to the set criteria. Data was recorded on a proforma. Detailed strabismus evaluation was done including VA measurement with Snellen acuity chart, Cover and Krimsky test. All these tests were performed without glasses and with glasses and at near and distance both. Cycloplegic refraction was performed on children, by instilling 1% cyclopentolate eyedrops. Overall frequency of esotropia was 63% and exotropia 27%. Esotropia was found more frequent in females, while exotropia was found more frequent in male patients. Strabismus was more common in children with 78% patients within the age of 1-14 years and 22% patients within the age of 15-25 years, supporting that strabismus is predominantly an anomaly of childhood. The most common type of strabismus is of horizontal type, i-e Comitant strabismus, with ET occurring more frequently than XT. Esotropia is found more common in females and exotropia in males. Strabismus is more common in children as compared to adults
RESUMEN
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the results of objective refraction obtained by non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic method in hypermetropic children between 5 to 15 years of age, and then prove the effectiveness of cycloplegia for children refraction
Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Comparative study
Subject and Method: 100 patients between ages of 5 to 15 years presented at out-patient department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi during 1st October 2012 to 31st December 2012 and were included in this study. After complete refraction in non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic condition respectively, complete data was recorded and compared to test the null hypothesis
Results: The significant difference between non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction was observed in 73% children. The mean difference was evaluated as 1D. There was more significant effect of cycloplegia in children between age group of 5 to 10 years as compared to children between 11 to 15 years of age
Conclusion: This study showed that cycloplegic method of refraction is very important in young hyperopic children below 15 years of age. So this method should always be adopted when performing refraction of young children